Study Guide TV Other Media and Aggression 1 Basic facts about the contents of TV shows and viewing habits of American children a On average how many hours do American children spend with media TV movies videos computer games Internet per week b By what age are children spending at least 2 hours glued to the screen c What percent of prime time TV shows contain some violence murders rapes a 40 hours a 2 5 to 3 years assaults a Fluctuates around 90 d Saturday morning shows are geared toward children Does the violence content of Saturday morning shows differ from that of prime time a Yes fluctuates 60 80 but cartoon are higher around 90 e Across all shows what percent illustrate some negative consequences of violence i e the persons committing the violent acts get punished a Only 15 2 Consequences of TV and other media a What are some potential positive consequences of exposure to educational or prosocial a Some educational shows sesame street electric company improve academic shows skills b Some Mr Rogers improve helping and sharing b Explain when are positive effects most likely to occur a When parent or teacher comments on important content c What are the potential negative effects of watching a lot of media regardless of content a Viewing media a lot any content increases risk of obesity low school achievement seizures hand injuries kids bug parents to buy unhealthy products d What are the potential negative effects of watching a lot of violent content Are these effects well documented or is this research still unclear a High level of violent content causes increases in child s aggression especially if i Violence seems real ii Aggressor not punished or punishment is delayed iii Aggressor is attractive in some way iv Viewer is young and cannot distinguish right and wrong and v Viewer has aggressive tendencies to begin with but effects not limited to consequences previously aggressive kids b High level of violent content increases almost everyone s tolerance for media and real life violence so people less likely to report and try to stop real life violence c High level of violent content volumes of research show consistent findings across all kinds of studies games etc i Findings also hold for different media TV media music CD videos e What are conditions under which negative effects of watching violent content most likely to occur a When parents co view but do not interact and say what they disapprove of 3 In class we described several possible strategies for reducing the negative effects of media violence Describe each of these and indicate which one s are most likely to be at least somewhat effective a Government censorship Industry self regulation b i Hasn t worked despite years of pressure ii Industry says media violence doesn t hurt kids evidence is not clear when it is c Forbidding certain shows i Problems with it makes kids want it more or they go see t at a friends house ii Works with younger kids but will only last so long d Parents limit amount and negotiate content i When kids very young parents can totally control ii When older explain why they can t watch it and then negotiate what shows they can watch e V chip or other electronic device to control TV i Problem rules out some good shows Schindler List f Co viewing violent shows media to i Contrast what is reality vs fantasy ii Must point out negative consequences of violence iii Express explicit disapproval of aggression 1 Shown to be somewhat effective 2 Parents rarely do this g In contrast co viewing and NOT showing clear disapproval INCREASES child s aggression h Active attitude change interventions i Need more research but potentially helpful ii Ex Children 9 10yrs produced an educational video presumably to teach others about the bad consequences of imitating media aggression Video explained that media is not real and violence is bad 4 In class we saw a video on catharsis a Define catharsis and give examples a The process of releasing and thereby providing relief from strong or repressed i Punching the bo bo doll or screaming in to a pillow b How effective is catharsis at reducing an individual s tendency to express emotions anger aggression a Controversial topic some believe it releases the emotion while some believe that it leads to more aggressive tendencies 5 The following questions are from Chapter 14 a What is the definition of aggression a Behavior that intentionally harms other people by inflicting pain or injury on them b How does instrumental aggression differ from hostile aggression a Instrumental b Hostile i Quarreling and fighting with others over toys and possessions i Directing aggression behavior at a particular person or group criticizing c Describe gender differences in aggression ridiculing tattling on or calling names a Boys and girls do not differ greatly in the amount of aggression but rather they differ in the way they express it d Describe how biological factors might contribute to aggression a Identical twins have been proven in multiple studies to be more alike then non identical twins b Links between hormones an aggression c Links between temperament and aggression e Describe each of the parenting and family variables that can contribute to aggression a Typically teach boys to defend themselves or to be a man b Fighting in front of children and not coming to a positive resolution teaches them to do so c Physical punishment can lead to hostile children d Erratic and inconsistent punishment e Failure to monitor their children s activities f If first child became delinquent then likelihood for second child to become so too is high f What are some good ways to prevent and treat children s aggression a Making aggressive children aware of negative consequences of aggression for themselves and others through modeling and explanation can reduce aggression b Cooperation and turn taking helps treat aggression c Fast Track i Children went through intervention groups to help with social problem solving emotional understanding and communication and to teach them how to regulate their actions in frustrating events Child Psychology Spring 2012 Study Guide Family part 1 1 The 4 parenting styles a Authoritative be able to thoroughly explain the following 1 High self concept high achievement high self control low anti social i Warm and responsive High control ii Child centered with set clear rules iii Child outcome energetic friendly b Permissive Indulgent behavior high attachment i Warm and Responsive
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