CAS LX 522 Syntax ITreesSlide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Tree relationsSlide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18X-bar configurationsPrecedenceSlide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24No line crossingSlide 26Negative Polarity ItemsSlide 28AnyLicensingSlide 31Slide 32Slide 33Structural ambiguitySlide 35Slide 36NPIsSlide 38Slide 39Slide 40AnaphorsSlide 42Slide 43Principle ASlide 45Binding domainWeek 4b. Tree geometryWeek 4b. Tree geometryand c-commandand c-commandCAS LX 522CAS LX 522Syntax ISyntax ITreesTreesAn abstract tree structure…An abstract tree structure…AB CDETreesTreesThe “joints” of the tree are The “joints” of the tree are nodesnodes. The nodes here are . The nodes here are labeled (with labeled (with node labelsnode labels).).AB CDETreesTreesThe “joints” of the tree are The “joints” of the tree are nodesnodes. The nodes here are . The nodes here are labeled (with labeled (with node labelsnode labels).).Nodes are connected by Nodes are connected by branchesbranches..AB CDETreesTreesThe “joints” of the tree are The “joints” of the tree are nodesnodes. The nodes here are . The nodes here are labeled (with labeled (with node labelsnode labels).).Nodes are connected by Nodes are connected by branchesbranches..The node at the top of the The node at the top of the tree (with no branches above tree (with no branches above it) is called the it) is called the root noderoot node. A . A is the root node.is the root node.AB CDETreesTreesNodes with no branches Nodes with no branches beneath them are called beneath them are called terminal nodesterminal nodes..B, D, E are terminal nodes.B, D, E are terminal nodes.AB CDETreesTreesNodes with no branches beneath Nodes with no branches beneath them are called them are called terminal nodesterminal nodes..B, D, E are terminal nodes.B, D, E are terminal nodes.Nodes with branches beneath Nodes with branches beneath them are called them are called nonterminal nonterminal nodesnodes..A, C are nonterminal nodes.A, C are nonterminal nodes.AB CDETree relationsTree relationsA node X A node X dominatesdominates nodes nodes below it on the tree; these are below it on the tree; these are the nodes which would be the nodes which would be pulled along if you grabbed pulled along if you grabbed the node X and pulled it off the node X and pulled it off of the page.of the page.AB CDETree relationsTree relationsA node X A node X dominatesdominates nodes nodes below it on the tree; these are below it on the tree; these are the nodes which would be the nodes which would be pulled along if you grabbed pulled along if you grabbed the node X and pulled it off the node X and pulled it off of the page.of the page.C dominates D and E.C dominates D and E.AB CDECDETree relationsTree relationsRemind you of anything?Remind you of anything?To briefly reconnect with To briefly reconnect with actual language data, it actual language data, it seems as if you do something seems as if you do something to C (like pull it off the page), to C (like pull it off the page), it affects D and E as a unit.it affects D and E as a unit.AB CDECDETree relationsTree relationsA set of terminal nodes is a A set of terminal nodes is a constituentconstituent if they are all if they are all dominated by the same node dominated by the same node and no other terminal nodes and no other terminal nodes are dominated by that node.are dominated by that node.““D E” is a constituent.D E” is a constituent.““B D” is not.B D” is not.AB CDECDETree relationsTree relationsA node X A node X immediately immediately dominatesdominates a node Y if X a node Y if X dominates Y and is dominates Y and is connected by only one connected by only one branch.branch.A immediately dominatesA immediately dominatesB and C.B and C.AB CDETree relationsTree relationsA node X A node X immediately immediately dominatesdominates a node Y if X a node Y if X dominates Y and is dominates Y and is connected by only one connected by only one branch.branch.A immediately dominatesA immediately dominatesB and C.B and C.A is also sometimes called A is also sometimes called the the mother mother of B and C. of B and C. AB CDETree relationsTree relationsA node which shares the A node which shares the same mother as a node X is same mother as a node X is sometimes called the sometimes called the sistersister of of X.X.B is the sister of C.B is the sister of C.C is the sister of B.C is the sister of B.D is the sister of E.D is the sister of E.AB CDETree relationsTree relationsA node X A node X c-commandsc-commands its its sisters and the nodes sisters and the nodes dominated by its sisters.dominated by its sisters.AB CDETree relationsTree relationsA node X A node X c-commandsc-commands its its sisters and the nodes sisters and the nodes dominated by its sisters.dominated by its sisters.BB c-commands c-commands CC, , DD, and , and EE..AB CDETree relationsTree relationsA node X A node X c-commandsc-commands its its sisters and the nodes sisters and the nodes dominated by its sisters.dominated by its sisters.B c-commands C, D, and E.B c-commands C, D, and E.DD c-commands c-commands EE..AB CDETree relationsTree relationsA node X A node X c-commandsc-commands its its sisters and the nodes sisters and the nodes dominated by its sisters.dominated by its sisters.B c-commands C, D, and E.B c-commands C, D, and E.D c-commands E.D c-commands E.CC c-commands c-commands BB..AB CDEX-bar configurationsX-bar configurationsThe The complementcomplement is the is the sister of the head.sister of the head.The The specifierspecifier is the sister is the sister of Xof X that is a daughter that is a daughter of XP.of XP.XPYPXXZPPrecedencePrecedenceThe tree also encodes the The tree also encodes the linear order linear order of of the terminal nodes.the terminal nodes.PrecedencePrecedenceThe tree also encodes the The tree also encodes the linear order linear order of of the terminal nodes.the terminal nodes.TheThe is pronounced before is pronounced before studentsstudents..NPD Nthe studentsPrecedencePrecedenceThe tree also encodes the The tree also encodes the linear order linear order of of the terminal nodes.the terminal nodes.TheThe is pronounced before is pronounced before studentsstudents..SawSaw is pronounced before
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