Using the microscope CAS LX 522 Syntax I CP Week 14b Bonus section Articulating the tree We started off with a relatively simple structure with a CP an IP a VP DP j what C Ii C did IP DP k Pat I I ti VP DP tk V V eat Using the microscope Using the microscope CP As we DP j looked what closer we had reason to think that the VP was more complicated involving a little v DP tj CP C Ii C did IP DP k Pat I I ti vP DP tk v Vm v eat VP DP tj V tm Using the microscope But for many DP j purposes we what don t need to focus on the minute details of the VP In those situations you ll find that people still write VPs like this with the understanding that the vP is there C Ii C did DP k Pat IP I I ti VP DP tk V V eat DP tj Let s go back to French CP What we re going to do now is put DP j what IP under the microscope where we ll find it is more complicated For most purposes we can continue to think about it as IP but this is a preview of where syntax can go from here C Ii C did DP k Pat IP I Jean mange souvent des pommes Jean eats often of the apples Jean often eat apples DP j Jean Jean souvent mange des pommes I ti VP DP tk V V eat DP tj Recall that this was one of our early examples showing verbmovement to I French and English differ in whether they move finite main verbs to I IP I Vi I VP mange tj V V AdvP souvent ti PP des pommes 1 French and a problem French negation This happens with respect to negation too the finite verb move to the left of negative pas Jean ne mange pas des pommes Jean NE eat NEG of the apples J doesn t eat apples DP k Finite verbs main verbs and auxiliaries in French precede adverbs and precede negative pas they must move to I I Now let s look at infinitives first the auxiliaries Neg V i j I NegP ne mange pas Neg Jean pas ne mange des pommes IP tj But fortunately or unfortunately things are more complex that this VP tk V ti PP N tre pas invit c est triste NE beinf NEG invited it s sad Not to be invited is sad Ne pas tre invit c est triste NE NEG beinf invited it s sad Not to be invited is sad Nonfinite auxiliaries can either move past pas to I or not it appears to be optional French and a problem French and a problem Fin aux V Adv V neg Moves to I Fin verb V Adv V neg Moves to I Fin aux V Adv V V neg V Opt Moves to I Fin aux Fin verb Fin aux Fin verb Nonfinite main verbs and adverbs Nonfinite main verbs and negation Souvent para tre triste pendant son voyage de noce c est rare Often appear inf sad during one s honeymoon it s rare To often look sad during one s honeymoon is rare Para tre souvent triste pendant son voyage de noce c est rare Appear inf often sad during one s honeymoon it s rare To often look sad during one s honeymoon is rare Nonfinite main verbs can either move past adverbs or not optional like with auxiliaries Fin aux verb V Adv V neg Moves to I Fin aux V Adv V V neg V Opt Moves to I Fin verb V Adv V neg V Moves over adv not neg So we have the whole pattern and we didn t predict it Where could the verb be moving A head can t adjoin to an XP it has to be moving to a head Must remain X bar compliant French and a problem IP I I NegP pas Neg Neg VP ne DP k Ne pas sembler heureux est une condition pour crire des romans NE NEG seeminf happy is a prerequisite for write inf of the novels Not to seem happy is a prerequisite for writing novels Ne sembler pas heureux est une condition pour crire des romans NE seeminf NEG happy is a prerequisite for writeinf of the novels Not to seem happy is a prerequisite for writing novels Nonfinite main verbs can not move past negation French and a problem V Adv V neg Moves to I V Adv V neg Moves to I V Adv V V neg V Opt Moves to I V Adv V V AdvP V souvent V PP Fin aux verb V Adv V neg Moves to I Fin aux V Adv V V neg V Opt Moves to I Fin verb V Adv V neg V Moves over adv not neg IP I I NegP pas Neg We need there to be a head here in the tree for the verb to move to Neg VP ne That means we need to insert a whole phrase heads always head something DP k V AdvP V souvent V PP 2 IP A new FP Fin aux verb V Adv V neg Moves to F then to I Fin aux V Adv V V neg V Opt Moves to F then to I Fin verb V Adv V neg V Opt Moves to F What is FP I NegP I Vous avez pris les pommes you have taken the apples pas Neg Neg ne Vous avez pris la pomme you have taken the apple 3MSG 3FSG You took the apples FP F You took the apple Vous les avez prises you them have taken 3PL F Now we have a place for nonfinite main verbs to move past adverbs but under negation They can move to F 3MSG 3FPL 3SG You took them 3fpl VP DP k 3FPL V 3FSG You took it 3fsg Quelles pommes avez vous prises Which apples have you taken Vous l avez prise you it have taken 3FPL Quelle pomme avez vous prise Which apple have you taken 3FPL Which apples did you take 3FSG 3FSG Which apple did you take AdvP V souvent V A new FP As the verb and the object make their way up the tree assuming the object moves to SpecFP there is a point where the verb and object are in a Spechead configuration This is how the verb would check its object agreement features Based on this FP is generally called AgrOP Object agreement phrase PP AgrOP CP C DP i C IP DP k I I FP ti F F VP V tk AgrOP Why does the object have to move to SpecAgrOP What makes DPs move We know the subject moves Partly for the EPP but partly to get Case The subject gets Case in SpecIP so we know Case can be assigned to a specifier What if we revise our notion of how objects get Case and say that …
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