CAS LX 522 Syntax IThe DPSome null DsProper namesNumber agreement on DNumber agreementDeverbal nounsSlide 8TPs and DPsTwo kinds of NDitransitive NLittle nDP is like TPCase in the DPThe of casePassive nounsPassiveSlide 18Slide 19Case and q-rolesBack to possessionPossessorsHungarian possessorsAdjectivesAdjunctsThe Italian DPSlide 27Slide 28ParametersMore Italian, same pointSome HebrewEncounter 9a. Encounter 9a. -roles in -roles in DP,DP,and an introduction to and an introduction to little little nn..7.3-7.67.3-7.6CAS LX 522CAS LX 522Syntax ISyntax IThe DPThe DPLast time, we introduced the idea that Last time, we introduced the idea that the nominal elements of the sentences the nominal elements of the sentences (subjects, objects), are actually DPs, (subjects, objects), are actually DPs, rather than NPs.rather than NPs.Determiners:Determiners:thethe, , aa, , somesome, , everyevery, , ØØmassmass, , ØØproperproper, , ØØpossposs, …, …Today, we’ll continue our investigations Today, we’ll continue our investigations of the internal structure of DPs.of the internal structure of DPs.studentsDDPtheNPSome null DsSome null DsØØgengen: has a [: has a [gengen] feature and in whose ] feature and in whose specifier we find possessors.specifier we find possessors.ØØindefindef: a nonsingular indefinite : a nonsingular indefinite article, in whose complement we find article, in whose complement we find plurals and mass nouns.plurals and mass nouns.[[ØØindefindef Milk] spilled. [ Milk] spilled. [ØØindefindef People] cried.People] cried.I’ve also been known to write the one I’ve also been known to write the one with mass nouns as with mass nouns as ØØmassmass..Mass vs. count:Mass vs. count: Some nouns indicate Some nouns indicate countable things (countable things (chairschairs) others indicate ) others indicate stuff (stuff (milkmilk). Singular/plural ). Singular/plural distinctions don’t apply with mass nouns.distinctions don’t apply with mass nouns.Proper namesProper namesAs for proper names like As for proper names like PatPat, , we will assume that they have a we will assume that they have a structure something like structure something like studentsstudents..The Pat we respect came to the The Pat we respect came to the party.party.O Giorgos ephugeO Giorgos ephugethe George leftthe George left‘George left.’‘George left.’ØØproperproper (names are not indefinite; (names are not indefinite; this is probably mostly the this is probably mostly the same as same as thethe, but silent)., but silent).Implementation:Implementation:ØØproperproper has a [ has a [uuproperproper] feature, ] feature, PatPat has a [proper] feature. has a [proper] feature.DØindefDPstudentsNPDØproperDPPatNPNumber agreement on DNumber agreement on DTo reiterate: To reiterate: there are three kinds of D an there are three kinds of D an indefinite DP can show up with, and it depends indefinite DP can show up with, and it depends on the number and/or the count/mass property on the number and/or the count/mass property of the noun:of the noun:A(n)A(n)::SingularSingular[A scanner] read the ballot.[A scanner] read the ballot.ØØindefindef::PluralPlural[[ØØindefindef Voters] emerged. Voters] emerged.ØØmassmass::MassMassThey waited for [They waited for [ØØmassmass news]. news].What is wrong with What is wrong with *[*[DP DP A studentsA students]] and and **[[DPDP studentstudent]]? ? No agreement in number. Like No agreement in number. Like *Students eats lunch*Students eats lunch..We can encode this in the same way: The indefinite We can encode this in the same way: The indefinite determiner has a [determiner has a [uunum:num:] feature, and the N has ] feature, and the N has -features -features as always (including a num feature).as always (including a num feature).The [The [uunum:num:] feature is valued and checked by the num ] feature is valued and checked by the num feature of the N.feature of the N.Number agreementNumber agreementThis means This means aa and and ØØindefindef are in fact pronunciations are in fact pronunciations of the same D (Like of the same D (Like meme and and II are). are).AA is the pronunciation when it has a [ is the pronunciation when it has a [uunumnum:sg] feature:sg] featureØØ is the pronunciation otherwise is the pronunciation otherwise[[DP DP ØØindefindef students] students][[DPDP a student] a student]D[D, unum:sg,uN*, case]DPNPstudent[N, :3sg]D[D, unum:pl,uN*, case]DPNPstudents[N, :3pl]Deverbal nounsDeverbal nounsThe structure inside the DP can be The structure inside the DP can be as complicated as inside a clause, as complicated as inside a clause, as it turns out.as it turns out.Pat broke the vase.Pat broke the vase.Pat’s breaking of the vase startled me.Pat’s breaking of the vase startled me.The bees startled me.The bees startled me.It seems to be possible to convert It seems to be possible to convert the whole clause the whole clause Pat broke the vasePat broke the vase into a “noun” (a DP).into a “noun” (a DP).Deverbal nounsDeverbal nounsWhat’s more, the relationship between What’s more, the relationship between breakbreak, , PatPat, and , and the vasethe vase seems to be the seems to be the same inside the DP as it is in the clause.same inside the DP as it is in the clause.Pat broke the vase.Pat broke the vase.Pat’s breaking of the vase made me angry.Pat’s breaking of the vase made me angry.Pat Pat is an Agent, is an Agent, the vase the vase is a Theme.is a Theme.Pat danced.Pat danced.Pat’s dancing startled me.Pat’s dancing startled me.Just as the verb Just as the verb breakbreak assigns assigns -roles, it -roles, it seems as if the nominalized seems as if the nominalized breakingbreaking assigns the same assigns the same -roles. The DP is in a -roles. The DP is in a way like a little clause.way like a little clause.TPs and DPsTPs and DPsOne difference between clausal DPs and TPs One difference between clausal DPs and TPs is in the case realized by the arguments.is in the case realized by the arguments.I called him.I called him.Agent is nom (from T), Theme is acc (from Agent is nom (from T), Theme is acc (from vv))My calling of him was unplanned.My calling of him was unplanned.Agent is gen, Theme looks like a PP introduced Agent is gen, Theme looks
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