Objective sheet for Exam 3 The final exam will be given on Wednesday April 25 at 7 30 9 30 AM Remember that no make up exams are given without a documented University approved excuse A zero will be given for a missed exam For final exams the rules for even documented approved excuses are different as grades are due fairly quickly after our exam I will maintain a strict rule that an approved make up exam will have to be completed within 48 hours of the regularly scheduled exam Structure 50 multiple choice questions drawn from all readings and lecture Content Chapter 10 Emotional Development 1 Know the section including all key terms and developmental patterns if applicable in the Development of Emotional Expressions section Basic Emotion universal in humans and other primates can be directly inferred from facial expressions i e happy interest surprise fear anger sad disgust 7 total same throughout different cultures driven by nature promote survival Early emotion from 2 main arousal states 1 Attraction to pleasant stimulation 2 Withdrawal from unpleasant stimulation Basic 7 emotions Happiness Happens very early Fear Second half of 1st year Anger Sadness Smile from birth Social smile 6 10 weeks broad grin evoked by stimulus of a human face Laugh 3 4 months Stranger anxiety fear to unfamiliar adults discussed below Secure base infants use familiar caregiver as secure base explore but return for emotional support These negative reactions increase into the second year in frequency intensity as age increases Like to be in control Only these were touched on in lecture or book Self Conscious Emotions involve injury or enhancement of our sense of self i e shame embarrassment guilt envy pride emerges end of second year become aware of self as a separate unique individual Need adult instruction in when to feel proud ashamed or guilty this changes from culture to culture The better quality of feedback from adults results in more intense reactions more shame after failure more pride from success Emotional Self Regulation strategies for adjusting our emotion state to a comfortable level for accomplish our goals i e suppress anger at friend decide not to see a horror film requires voluntary effortful management of emotions This management improves as result of caregivers and brain development who help kids manage intense emotion teach strategies for coping Problem centered coping appraise the situation as changeable identify the problem and decide what to do about it Emotion center coping if problem centered coping fails this occurs internal private aimed at controlling distress when little can be done about outcome Emotional Self efficacy feeling of being in control of emotions Hence a well developed emotional self regulation Favorable self image Optimistic outlook emotions Smiling when feeling anxious 2 Same for Understanding and Responding to Emotions of Others Emotional display rules different by societies specify when where how it is appropriate to express Social referencing relying on another person s emptional reaction to appraise an uncertain situation Beginning at 8 10mo when infants start to explore unfamiliar people objects Caregivers voice either alone or combined with facial expression more effective events than face alone Caregivers can teach children how to respond react Empathy complex interaction of cognition and affect ability to detect different emotions to take another s emotional perspective Important in preschool years leading to prosocial or altruistic behavior actions to Sympathy feelings of concern or sorrow for another s plight benefit others without an expected reward WWJD 3 You don t need to memorize the specifics of the Milestones of Emotional Development p 416 but again know the general developmental patterns Age Birth 6 mo 7 12 mo 1 2 yr 3 6 yr 7 11 yr Emotional Expression Social Smile Laughter Happiness increase when interaction with familiar people Organized emotional expressions Anger fear increase Secure base Self conscious emotions w adult feedback Language assists with emotion Self conscious emotions w out adult feedback Regulation of emotion Aware of Emotional Display Rules Self conscious emotions linked to inner standards Internal strategies for emotional regulation Conforms to emotional display Rules Emotional Understanding Match caregivers feeling Detects other s emotions Social referencing Appreciate difference in their others emotions Vocab of emotional terms Empathy Cause consequences Empathy becomes more reflective Reconcile conflicting cues Aware of mixed feelings Empathy improves 4 Know the section on Temperament you don t need to worry about memorizing the dimensions of temperament in Table 10 1 but you will need to know the categories that Thomas and Chess describe Temperament early appearing stable individual differences in reactivity self regulation Reactivity quickness intensity of emotional arousal attention motor action Cornerstone of personality Parents can adjust parenting style to fit better with kids temperament Thomas Chess s New York Longitudinal Study First influential Model Impacts psychological adjustment by increase chances of psych problems OR protect from neg effects of stress Categories of Temperament Easy Child Difficult Child Slow to warm up Child Unclassified Child 40 of children in study Adapts easily to new situation Cheerful child 10 of children in study Slow to accept new experiences Negative and intense reactions 15 of children in study Adjusts slowly to new experiences Inactive and fearful 35 of children in study Very simplified version just shows children can be categorized by temperament Stability of temperament not very stable changes with age Prediction after age 3 y o Goodness of Fit Model explains how temperament environment together can produce favorable outcomes Good fit more adaptive functioning Bad Fit adjustment problems difficult children Be positive sensitive to what your child needs kids regulate emotions Effortful control voluntarily suppress dominant response in order to plan execute more adaptive response marshmallow experiment As age increases effortful control increases 5 Know the section on Attachment up to the multiple attachments section p 434 You don t need to worry about anything after that page Attachment strong affectionate tie with special people in our lives which leads to Pleasure when interact with them Comfort by their nearness during stress Early bond is important but influenced by
View Full Document
Unlocking...