Child Psychology Spring 2012 Study Guide Family part 1 1 For each of the 4 parenting styles be able to thoroughly explain the following a Where does each style falls on the dimensions of emotionality control a Authoritative High Control High emotionality b Authoritarian High control low emotionality c Permissive indulgent low control high emotionality d Uninvolved Neglecting low control low emotionality b Describe in detail each of the 4 styles a Authoritative Set clear rules discipline when rules broken don t tolerate unacceptable or immature behavior hold high standards monitor child s behavior warm loving responsive to desires of child child centered b Authoritarian Set clear rules discipline when rules broken don t tolerate unacceptable or immature behavior hold high standards monitor child s behavior cold rejecting unresponsive parent centered c Permissive Indulgent Don t set clear rules lack of or inconsistent discipline allow child to express impulses warm loving responsive to desires of child child centered d Uninvolved Neglecting Don t set clear rules lack of or inconsistent discipline allow child to express impulses cold rejecting unresponsive parent centered c Know which 2 styles are likely to use some form of punishment a Authoritarian and Authoritative d Describe the most probable child outcome that results from each style a Authoritarian produced conflicted irritable children anxious low self concept don t feel in control of life look to others for approval and what to do vulnerable to stress b Permissive Indulgent produce impulsive aggressive children non compliant low achievement impulsive and aggressive c Uninvolved Neglecting produce neglected children lack of attachment low achievement low social skills truancy precocious sex delinquency d Authoritative produce energetic friendly high self concept high achievement high self control low anti social behavior high attachment e Describe 2 notable exceptions to the rules described in d above a For poor minorities in dangerous neighborhoods best adjustment with authoritarian b Asian parents who are authoritarian tend to be viewed very positively and have positive child outcomes 2 Discipline Punishment a What is the definition of punishment or discipline 1 Negative consequence when child misbehaves not necessarily physical or severe consistent b List and explain 4 general recommendations for using punishment effectively 1 When possible negative consequences should be immediate and 2 Rules and consequences for breaking rules should be clear 3 Never threaten if cannot follow through 4 Avoid all physical punishment c Explain each of the reasons given for avoiding all physical punishment 1 Child gets aroused so less likely to learn lesson 2 Provides an aggressive model 3 Danger of escalating into abuse d Explain why punishment is not appropriate prior to 6 months of age 1 They don t get it they don t understand what the punishment is and why it is happening e When infants do become old enough to warrant punishment 6 7 months what is the recommended way to punish behaviors that you want to stop from occurring 1 Firm No and redirection of attention 2 Habit train to engage in good behaviors make it easy for them to behave well and reinforce good behaviors 3 Start young f When infants start to test the limits e g by repeatedly doing the same behavior despite knowing they shouldn t what is the recommended way to stop them from repeatedly misbehaving and let them know that you mean business 1 Remove them from the situation entirely g Explain time out 1 From what are they being timed out i Positive reinforcement 2 Describe the rules for using time out effectively We discussed roughly 5 or 6 rules i Punishing with boredom ii Chair in hallway no stimulation parent watches throughout iii Start with 1 minute per year of age iv Must sit quietly v No talking or explaining during time out 3 What is the proper timing for administering time out that is what comes first second etc i First state the offence i e you hit the dog ii Time out is served iii Explain the rationale it is wrong to hurt animals make sure rationale is age appropriate iv Be calm 4 For what ages the youngest and oldest is time out likely to be effective i Starting around 1 5 2 years and ending around 7 8 years 5 What are some strategies you can use if the child won t serve his or her time out sentence i Increase time when they get up ii Remove privilege when they get up iii Hold from behind not angrily or affectionately 6 Explain why it is difficult to use time out in classrooms i Difficult to supervise too many distractions to be T O from positive reinforcement h When children are older what is likely to be a more effective way to punish bad behavior than time out and why 1 Removal of privilege because older kids are more affecting by a tangible item being taken away as opposed to time i How does the timing for privilege removal differ from the timing for time out and why 1 Nature of privilege may require that punishment is delayed for example being grounded on the weekend so the rationale needs to come before the punishment Child Psychology Spring 2012 Study Guide Family part 2 1 Marital conflict divorce a Marital conflict can potentially hurt children in 2 ways one of which is more indirect and one of which is direct Explain both a Indirect Stress for parents poor parenting which in turn child problems b Direct harms child when witness conflict b The birth of a child can create tension in a marital relationship for both parents On average who is likely to feel more marital dissatisfaction mother or father and why a Mother because they are more likely spending more time with the newborn and they are probably more tired overworked etc c What percent of first marriages end in divorce and what percent of remarriages end in divorce a 50 first marriages end in divorce b 60 second marriages end in divorce d Describe what happens to children s adjustment during the first year following divorce as well as during years 2 3 following divorce a During first year parent s and child s adjustment get worse b 2nd 3rd year most kids learn to cope kids are still at risk e While most children eventually learn to cope with their parents divorce what percent can suffer long term effects on their adjustment a 25 f On average who shows more problems from divorce boys or girls Does it differ for immediate versus delayed effects a Boys show most problems both immediate and delayed g
View Full Document
Unlocking...