Hist 105 1/18/19Portuguese most knowledgeable in naval navigation, caravel. Southern Tip of Africa, New World – Christopher Columbus subsidize adventure turned down by Portuguese. All educated Western Europeans knew that the world was round, Christopher believed that it would only take 4000 miles of sail around to China. Spain believed it and funded voyage while Portuguese knew it wasn’t.Spain exploited the Americas, 16th century – the Century of Gold. French develop unique relationships with the natives near the Great LakesEnglish Colonization – King Henry the 8th one of the first modern kings, transform England into a modern governed state. No Male Heir to the Throne. Ask for divorce of his wife by the Pope but denied and disavowed the church. New Church of England headed by King Henry – confiscates land owned by church and selling ofthe lands to provide revenue for his political gains. Four major consequences of expansion into AmericasBirth of Elizabeth the First; 1503 Queen during the time of Elizabeth England triumphed.Period of war between Spain and England – intermittent war led by English privateers hunting down Spanish ships that have returned from the Americas with Native gold.Henry was not interested in religion, introduce protestant religion into England. There were people who wanted to reform the new church. Puritans - Massachusetts Plymouth colony.Selling of church lands for revenue, booming real-estate market, economy undergoes textile revolution. Overpopulation – the land grows weary of its people. America could be a place to take people that weren’t needed.America is an obstacle – begin elusive search for a North West passage through America to China. Place where Naval bases could be established to hunt Spanish ships.Sir Humphrey Gilbert – first Englishman to be thinking about Americas as a new home. Late 1570s goes to New Finland – to the state of Maine, lost at sea; Sir Walter Raleigh – permission to establish military/ naval base in Roanoke. Sir Francis Drake takes them back , doesn’t want to be there anymoreJohn White - establish a community in the Americas; takes group of people to Roanoke 3 years to go back; no one was left.James Town Virginia – first permanent town in the Americas established by a business organization. Shareholders plan to make money. 1610 terrible winter, one of the English men runs away to live the natives Broken on the wheel, torn apart why wheel. Brought back by Natives.James town would’ve disappeared w/o native help. Not working means sickness and death but they still didn’t work85% of all English men dies within 10 years in James
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