Week 2 KeyTermsPuritans in New England – Tight nit with mandatory church and selectmen who would run the town during the yearPlymouth, 1620 (separating Puritans) – escaped England in order to worship freely Boston, 1630 (non-separating Puritans) – Mass. Bay Colony grew rapidly"City on a Hill" & Puritan dilemma – Perfect society for other corrupt societies to emulate. & Puritans escaped England to worship freely but were intolerant to any other religions doing the same.English Civil War – Power changed hands to Cornwall, caused by Charles dismissing and antagonizing Parliamentpredestination, antinomianism and Arminianism – god selected who would be saved before they were born & Christians will get into heaven and do not have to follow moral law & humans can change whether they enter heaven or notAnne Hutchinson – A woman from Massachusetts that claimed the clergy had no spiritual right and questioned a woman’s role in Puritan societyJeremiads & half-way covenant – Preached on religion and despair & Allowed people without conversion experience to join the churchKing Philip’s War – A group of Indians led by Metacom attacked several English cities, bloodiest white-indian conflict during the 1600’switch trials – Hunt for witches that killed several women for breaking gender normsMiddle colonies – known for more religious toleranceSouthern colonies – known for large economy based on slaveryCharles Town (Charleston), South Carolina 1670 – A threat to Spain that brought large numbers of slavesfor plantationsSpanish sanctuary decree, 1693 – If slaves reached St. Augustine they would be freeCastillo de San Marcos, St. Augustine – A fort built to protect St. Augustine from English in Charles TownGeorgia colony without slavery (at first) – Founded as a buffer from Spanish Florida as a safe haven to poor and those without homes. Allowed no minorities originally.Stono Rebellion – A group of 100 slaves killed several whites in an attempt to escape to FloridaFort Mose – Black fort in Florida used to defend St. AugustineAge of Reason – Pamphlet by Thomas Paine that question industrialized religion and BibleRoyal Society – Founded during the enlightenment to learn more of natural scienceGreat Awakening – Renewal of faith in God Primarily among women and younger sonsJohn Locke – Everyone had rights to life liberty and property, great enlightenment thinkerprice revolution & markets – silver lost value due to amount collected by Spain and it rocked the economy for all of Europemercantilism – Idea that colonies are made for economic benefit of motherlandNavigation Acts – Colonies not allowed to trade without permissionsalutary neglect – not enforcing British law in America to keep colonists happyFrench and Indian War, 1754-1763 – War with England against French and Indians. Laws imposed irritated colonistsProclamation Line – An ineffective line by England to halt colonial advances westwardWho will pay for the war? – England believed America got the most benefit and should payStamp Act, 1765 – taxed all printable documents caused uproar that unified colonistsDeclaratory Act, 1766 – declared parliaments power over the coloniesTownshend Act, 1767 – Taxes on imports (not internal trade) and disbanding New York assembly went for specific things in attempt to not upset all colonists. That didn’t work.Boston Massacre, 1770 – Colonist were harassing scared and out-numbered British troops in Boston and the soldiers defended themselves by firing into the crowd killing 5 peopleTea Party, 1773 – Britain had a surplus of tea and removed the tax from their company creating a monopoly since American tea makers would still be taxed. So tea got dumped off boats.Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts), 1774 – Closed port of Boston, reduced self-government in Mass., allowed royal officers to be tried in England for crimes and colonists had to quarter troopsConcord, Lexington, Bunker Hill, 1775 – First battles of the war. Britain thought they were rebellions not battles for independenceDunmore's Proclamation, 1775 – king would free slaves if they sided with himArnold Expedition, 1775 – Benedict Arnold attempted to unsuccessfully seize QuebecDeclaration of Independence – Declared independence by listing what the monarch did and what he should be doingBoston evacuation, 1776 – British troops left Boston because it was in heart of rebellion and poorly defensibleValley Forge, 1777 – Washington held Valley Forge during the winter of the Revolutionary WarBattle of Saratoga, 1777 – Convinced the French to join the Patriots against the EnglishYorktown surrender, 1781 – Cornwallis was surround by French-American army and surrender his 7,000 menTreaty of Paris, 1783 – England agreed to US independence, paying for slaves freed and remove troops from AmericaArticles of Confederation – States had all power with no strong central governmentNorthwest Ordinance, 1787 – Created bounds for territories and at 60,000 people could become stateShay's Rebellion, 1787 – Shay prevented court from selling property and imprisoning debtors and went to get arms but were disbanded by state armyConstitutional convention, 1787 – group of 55 sent to Philadelphia to decide on new governmentJames Madison – Promoted a new constitutionVirginia Plan – 3 branches and 2 houses with representation based on populationNew Jersey Plan – 1 house with state based representationExecutive-Legislative-Judicial branches – concept of checks and balancesthe fatal flaw - inability for articles to govern anythingBill of Rights – Necessary addition to constitution to convince all states to ratify itFederalist Papers – used to spread goodwill toward the new constitutionfactions – A group of people working toward the same goalFederalists – those for the ConstitutionAntifederalists – those againstpolitical parties develop – created because of the need for groups of people to enact lawsautarky – self-sufficiencynational debt repayment – very difficult under the articles of confederationfirst census, 1790 – showed a large portion of America was
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