Week 2 KeyTerms Puritans in New England Tight nit with mandatory church and selectmen who would run the town during the year Plymouth 1620 separating Puritans escaped England in order to worship freely Boston 1630 non separating Puritans Mass Bay Colony grew rapidly City on a Hill Puritan dilemma Perfect society for other corrupt societies to emulate Puritans escaped England to worship freely but were intolerant to any other religions doing the same English Civil War Power changed hands to Cornwall caused by Charles dismissing and antagonizing Parliament predestination antinomianism and Arminianism god selected who would be saved before they were born Christians will get into heaven and do not have to follow moral law humans can change whether they enter heaven or not Anne Hutchinson A woman from Massachusetts that claimed the clergy had no spiritual right and questioned a woman s role in Puritan society Jeremiads half way covenant Preached on religion and despair Allowed people without conversion experience to join the church King Philip s War A group of Indians led by Metacom attacked several English cities bloodiest whiteindian conflict during the 1600 s witch trials Hunt for witches that killed several women for breaking gender norms Middle colonies known for more religious tolerance Southern colonies known for large economy based on slavery Charles Town Charleston South Carolina 1670 A threat to Spain that brought large numbers of slaves for plantations Spanish sanctuary decree 1693 If slaves reached St Augustine they would be free Castillo de San Marcos St Augustine A fort built to protect St Augustine from English in Charles Town Georgia colony without slavery at first Founded as a buffer from Spanish Florida as a safe haven to poor and those without homes Allowed no minorities originally Stono Rebellion A group of 100 slaves killed several whites in an attempt to escape to Florida Fort Mose Black fort in Florida used to defend St Augustine Age of Reason Pamphlet by Thomas Paine that question industrialized religion and Bible Royal Society Founded during the enlightenment to learn more of natural science Great Awakening Renewal of faith in God Primarily among women and younger sons John Locke Everyone had rights to life liberty and property great enlightenment thinker price revolution markets silver lost value due to amount collected by Spain and it rocked the economy for all of Europe mercantilism Idea that colonies are made for economic benefit of motherland Navigation Acts Colonies not allowed to trade without permission salutary neglect not enforcing British law in America to keep colonists happy French and Indian War 1754 1763 War with England against French and Indians Laws imposed irritated colonists Proclamation Line An ineffective line by England to halt colonial advances westward Who will pay for the war England believed America got the most benefit and should pay Stamp Act 1765 taxed all printable documents caused uproar that unified colonists Declaratory Act 1766 declared parliaments power over the colonies Townshend Act 1767 Taxes on imports not internal trade and disbanding New York assembly went for specific things in attempt to not upset all colonists That didn t work Boston Massacre 1770 Colonist were harassing scared and out numbered British troops in Boston and the soldiers defended themselves by firing into the crowd killing 5 people Tea Party 1773 Britain had a surplus of tea and removed the tax from their company creating a monopoly since American tea makers would still be taxed So tea got dumped off boats Coercive Acts Intolerable Acts 1774 Closed port of Boston reduced self government in Mass allowed royal officers to be tried in England for crimes and colonists had to quarter troops Concord Lexington Bunker Hill 1775 First battles of the war Britain thought they were rebellions not battles for independence Dunmore s Proclamation 1775 king would free slaves if they sided with him Arnold Expedition 1775 Benedict Arnold attempted to unsuccessfully seize Quebec Declaration of Independence Declared independence by listing what the monarch did and what he should be doing Boston evacuation 1776 British troops left Boston because it was in heart of rebellion and poorly defensible Valley Forge 1777 Washington held Valley Forge during the winter of the Revolutionary War Battle of Saratoga 1777 Convinced the French to join the Patriots against the English Yorktown surrender 1781 Cornwallis was surround by French American army and surrender his 7 000 men Treaty of Paris 1783 England agreed to US independence paying for slaves freed and remove troops from America Articles of Confederation States had all power with no strong central government Northwest Ordinance 1787 Created bounds for territories and at 60 000 people could become state Shay s Rebellion 1787 Shay prevented court from selling property and imprisoning debtors and went to get arms but were disbanded by state army Constitutional convention 1787 group of 55 sent to Philadelphia to decide on new government James Madison Promoted a new constitution Virginia Plan 3 branches and 2 houses with representation based on population New Jersey Plan 1 house with state based representation Executive Legislative Judicial branches concept of checks and balances the fatal flaw inability for articles to govern anything Bill of Rights Necessary addition to constitution to convince all states to ratify it Federalist Papers used to spread goodwill toward the new constitution factions A group of people working toward the same goal Federalists those for the Constitution Antifederalists those against political parties develop created because of the need for groups of people to enact laws autarky self sufficiency national debt repayment very difficult under the articles of confederation first census 1790 showed a large portion of America was enslaved
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