Settlement of North America- Timelineo 1607: Jamestown foundedo 1619: First African workers in Virginia, Virginia House of Burgesses meetso 1620: Pilgrims founded Plymouth Colonyo 1622: Powhatan Indians attack on Virginiao 1624: Dutch settle Manhattano 1630” Puritans establish Massachusetts Bay colonyo 1634: Maryland foundedo 1636: Roger Williams founds Rhode Islando 1637: Anne Hutchison expelled from Massachusetts Bay colony.o 1663: Carolina chartedo 1664: English capture New Netherlandso 1675: King Phillip’s Waro 1676: Bacon’s Rebelliono 1681: Pennsylvania charteredo 1686: Dominion of New Englando 1689: Glorious Revolution in Americao 1732: Georgia chartered.- Virginia 1607o James I issued charters and the London Company moved to launch a colonizing expedition to head to Virginia. Chose bad land that was low and swampy.- The colonist were vulnerable to local diseases, focused on building a community instead of planting food and for gold and other resources(made it harder for them to raise enough food), and they had no real households or stakes.- Depended on neighboring Indians who showed them how to live in this new land.- Colonist showed hatred toward Indians since they believed the Indians were savages and that they were better. But the survival of Jamestown was due to the agricultural technologies developed by the Indians.- Learned how to grow corn and how to plant crops together such as corn and beans. Also learned to build Canoes just as Indians and when more Americans came, only 38 survived from the 144 sent. o Charter Colony Joint Stock Company- Offered stock in the company to planters who were willing to migrate at their own expense. Provided free passage to Virginia for poorer people who would agree to serve the company for seven years.o James town and John Smith Jamestown survived primarily for two reasons:- What they learned from the Indians.- Leadership form Captain John Smith.o Imposed work and order on the community, created a shaky relationship with the natives, Politics, set town up on geography. Transported skilled craftsmen to Virginian to diversify the economy and even Englishmen for the men to marry. o Tobacco(“Orinoco”) and John Rolfe With expansion they discovered the crop and in 1612 John Rolfe began trying to cultivate the crop in Virginia. Tobacco gave Jamestown profit. Effects: colony was spreading out, because of the spreading out, there was moremilitary conflict (led to massacre of 1622). Use of tobacco introduced unfree labor (most important) or slavery. Profits are not sent until 1616 They think the more people selling tobacco will raise profit. Try to make the colony more appealing. Virginia is land rich but labor poor:- Needed cheap laboro Led to two types of unfree labor: African Slaves Indentured Servants: lower class Europeans that have passage to the colonies paid and sign a contract to work for them. They usually work for 7-10 years until debt is paid off.o Becomes the center of slavery and leader of South with into to tobacco.o Dutch trading ship brought slaves (or we thought so). Now we believe it was English pirates who had a Dutch flag.o Powhatan Confederacy Tribes: Algonquians, Sioux, and Iroquois. The governor Sir Thomas Dale De La War captured the Chief Powhatan’s daughter Pocahontas who helped mediate between the Europeans and Indians. While with the English changes a lot by converting to Christianity and even marrying John Rolfe. Powhatan had ceased attack on the English due to his daughter’s wedding. However after his death, his son Opechancanough secretly planned the elimination of the English settlers. Massacre of 1622- One morning in 1622 tribesmen called on English as if to offer goods, and the attacked. 347 white settlers were killed as the natives retreated.- Twenty years later the Powhatan were defeated.o House of Burgesses 1619 General assembly, 2 houses:- Upper house: governors counsel- Lower house: o House of burgesses(means representative) Divided colonies into counties who will vote for a representative. Only white protestant property owning white. Not a democracy. First representative assembly.o Head right System Way to make the land more appealing to the people. Has a lot of land. 1619: Anyone in Virginia that gets indentured servants will also get 50 acres of free land. Those who were already settlers received 100 acres. This is where many of the rich got their start. Encouraged families to move, since they would receive more land. o To make colony appealing: Established the head right system. English said to make the colony more appealing, we’ll let them govern themselves.- Would let them respond to issues on the ground and respond to disputes- Self-government began to help grow tobacco.o Bacon’s Rebellion Sir William Berkeley, as a royal governor, had dominate politics in the colony andcaused the settlers on the frontier to be underrepresented. Resentment of the power of the governor and the aristocrats kept growing and in 1767 Nathaniel Bacon created a major conflict. Bacon had a farm in the West and seat on the governor’s council. The governor blocked settlers form moving further West and Berkeley controlled fur trade as well. When a conflict erupted between the English men and Indians bacon asked for Berkley to send over the militia or let him organize a group of countrymen. Berkley rejected both and Bacon did it anyway. Bacon turned the people against Berkley and even caused Berkley to go into exile. When Bacon died the governor gained control again and a new treaty was created with the Indians. Seen that the issue of the colony was that it was growing too large to control, this led to slaves since they didn’t have to be freed.o Royal Colony Virginia becomes a royal colony: a colony that is the property of the monarch(1624)- Decides how it will be ran- Revolution is about the colonial assemblies.- Everything has changed.- Not about religion wanted to find money.- Purpose: wealth and power.- Marylando Created as a refuge for English Catholics. It was originally being chartered by George Calvert until he died, his son Cecilius Calvert pushed the charter through. o When they arrived to America they had to attract settlers and Calvert realized Catholics would always be a religious minority. This led him to establish an “Act Concerning Religion” and Maryland was forever plagued
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