HIST 1057/3/13- Post-Civil Waro After war, some slave holders went to Brazil because they still had slaveryo North idea on death: if you lost father nation shall become your fathero Nations first income tax assisted the poorest people by using everyone’s wealtho The war was organized central government against states- How to put nation back togethero Lincoln saw session as not an option and rebels were treasonouso Plan for putting states back together came from Northern states since south congressmen left to the south during the Civil Waro Lincoln wanted south to sign petitions to rejoin Uniono Johnson took over after Lincoln Assassination- Reconstruction 1865 - 1877o Presidential (1865-1867): President made main decision Johnson wanted them to abolish slavery Repeal secession ordinances Seen as fairly lighto Congressional (1867-1877): Congress made most decisions Texas v. White- Texas never received all of bonds for land before Civil War- Tried to get money during war, no go- Later went to court and received bonds- Agreed that secession is illegal Union veterans became congressmen and were bitter with south- Created military occupation- Created 13th constitutional amendment outlawing slavery- 14th amendment allowed everyone to be citizens- 15th amendment allowed all males to vote- Blacks had been voted into office- Called Radical Reconstructiono States reinstated into Union in 1868o KKK is formed in resistance of equal rights, put down by US armyo Knights of Camilia, Knights of Rising Sun and other anti-black groups came outo Black codes with restrictions appeared - Freedmen’s Bureau (1865 – 1868)o Assisted newly freed men and women with rights, healthcare, homes…o Did not succeed due to white resistanceo Most success in education for freedmeno Hope was for generation after the newly freed since they had nothing to start with- Juneteenth (June 19, 1865)o Time when many black Texans learned of freedomo Some just left and others searched for familieso Most stayed where they were and worked on farms- Sharecroppingo Get a portion of land and share crop based on deal with land ownero Caused many people to fall into debt and have to stay thereo 95% of blacks went into sharecropping and appx. 20% whites- Frederick Douglaso Former slave was no longer slave to master, now to societyo Congress saw virtual re-enslavement of the blacks- 1870’so Former confederates began taking officeo Reminding south that other party supported blacks and that raised taxes- Redeemerso Tried to redeem themselves with USo Tried to rewrite Texas constitutiono The Lost Cause Looked back to the cause of the war (south lost) Ideological groups formed that went to inform others of the cause Venerated Confederate military officials, especially General Lee Said war wasn’t about slavery, let bygones be bygones- Compromise of 1877o Election of 1876o Hays (R) v. Tilden (D) Southern democrats agreed to let Hays be president if military occupation of south was stopped Former slaves no longer had government protection nearbyo Blacks were still poorest of poor and whites kept land and wealtho 1862 Morel land grant act, US would make university in Texas Texas A&M created under this act Texas had no federal lands, all belonged to state So land was sold in Colorado to pay for TAMU Another black school had to be made with A&M in Prairie, Texas- Segregationo Didn’t go into effect until 1890’s and fully until 1905o More elaborate racism comes into play after Civil
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