Age of Federalism- The first twelve years of the government.o Republics had fell in the past. o Almost collapsed.o Called this because the political part control of the government the first 12 years of the government was the Federalist Party Two groups of Federalist:- Federalist vs. Anti-Federalists: Old group. James Madison was one of theleaders.- Federalist vs Democratic Republicans:o Different type of Federalist since the old debate is over. The newdebate is how to interpret the constitution.o Democratic Republicans: James Madison- George Washington and Legitimacyo Electoral College elected two men. First place would be President and the second place winner was the vice presidento John Adams was the vice president. He and George Washington are supporters of the Constitution. o Important since he brings legitimacy. If someone else had been elected the people may have said they were not part of the government.o Washington is not an intellectual. He does have character and integrity. Surround himself with capable and smart people.- The First Congresso Spring of 1789o Accomplishments: Tariff of 1789- Can regulate goods and taxes. They finally have a source of revenue and a source for their treasury Judiciary Act of 1789- The constitution says the will be a national court system. However, it did not say what it would look like. Fills out this promise.- Creates a three level system:o The United States will be split into districts. There will be DistrictCourts.(lower court)o Appeals courto Supreme Court Doesn’t hear every case. They choose which cases they would like to go over. Listen to the ones that deal with huge constitutional issues or that the judges are split about.- Constitution does not say who will interpret the constitution.o Automatically goes to Supreme Court.o Originally 6 judges.o Ever a question about constitutionality; over a federal law or treaty; if there are issues between states; bill of rights; and it will organize the executive branch.o Executive Branch and Cabinet First three executive Departments. Gets the nickname of the cabinet. Will help advice the president.- First will be the Secretary of State: Thomas Jeffersono Foreign affairs.o Builds it up to 6 employees- Secretary of Treasury: Alexander Hamiltono Financial issueso Builds office up to about 100 employees.- Secretary of War: Henry Knox- Book seller, turned into a general.- Hamiltonian Federalismo One of the most important people, wants a big powerful power.o First real domestic policies.o Wanted power.o Hamiltonian Federalism: Nationalist and wants a powerful national government. Financial and political power. Not appreciated until later. Seen as the villain and is not determine what human nature is first. For Alexander, Human nature is completely negative. People are selfish and greedy. Have an healthy economy and a secure nation New government should benefit the elite. Everyone benefits when the government is strong. Elites and not democratic. This is why he has no statute. Mob= everyone who is not rich. Wants everyone to succeed. Writes three reports:- Report of Public Credit- Report on the National Banko Report on Public Credit 1790 Credit is how much faith people have in you to pay what you owe back. To deal with everyone’s debt. 4 trillion today: most owed to Americans. Issued promissory notes. States owed 25 million dollars. Lot of money due US. Needs good credit. Wants to handle the United States’ debt:- Funding and Assumptiono Divide the old debt and split it up in order to settle debt. Government bonds is set up. When they buy a $100 of a bond with the promise of getting $110.o Since the United States can tax, it helps people trust the United States.o Harnessed the greed and selfishness so that those who make money will not revolt.o Rich and powerful will do anything to succeed.o Give us your debt and we’ll pay it off. o Improving America’s credit score.o Where different parties begin. Scamming port people to maybe.o Madison opposed Hamilton.o Come up with a compromise.o Madison agrees, but most don’t.o People must have been taxed. o Whiskey tax: put in place and works perfectly.o National government begin to work and tax.- Report in the National Bank 1790o 1st Bank of the United States Place to deposit and create a national bank, giving our land to. Instead of letting the money sit there, let it go and benefit the economy. Lots of opposition. Jefferson make an argument for reconstruction. Not allowed to do it- Jefferson. Hamilton bases it on the necessity. Can’t do what is necessary and proper. Hamilton says this is necessary and proper.o “Necessary and Proper” Disagreement on bank and if it’s constitutional. Report on Manufacturers 1791 Most money landed out by bank, causing Comes up again until 1810 and 1811. Lots of people don’t like it. Worked exactly how Hamilton said. Stimulated the United Sates economy. Basis this on the bank of London. Protective Tariffs- Depend on Europa and England for manufactured goods. - Hamilton wants the United States a superpower- Wants to use this and create policy to stimulate manufacturing.- Put a protective tariff on an item to influence those to buy amerce goods.- It is a tax on foreign goods.- Use to boost American economy.- Will benefit the north east since not much is built south.- Making us buy the Northern goods and hurts the south.- Makes us independent.- This was a step too far and does not get his tariff. - Financial stability.- Creates s blueprints for future references.- Will help in the long run. - Being idealistic.- Establishes a split in the United States. Those who support Hamilton andhis ideasd, and thios who do not.- Believed this was a forerunner for civil war.- Federalist Partyo Hamilton is the ideological leader. Not th aprties that we have today. These are early parties who get people upset. o Not modern political parties, basic political parties.o Federalsit nelieve in deference politicals. Defer: leave te decision making up to someone lels.eo The reular peple should refere to the elites to make the decisions for them. o They are better fit to rule.o Belived in non-activ epoliticals.o Believe the only times regual rpeople should be involde in politics is through voting.o Not to have public meet.o Washington is basically a Federalsists.o Wachington cnnot be a political govenerment. Says
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