HIST 1057/2/13- South thoughts on Secessiono Thought North wouldn’t/ couldn’t fight backo Thought England would have back, but they already ended slaveryo Thought cotton was too important to USo Advantage was to just hold out not have to win- Civil Waro Troops studied same strategy at West Point and some split off to southo Led to similar tactics early ono Union was preserved, South lost, Slavery abolishedo Disease killed a large portion of the soldiers- How did Secession lead to War?o In Lincoln’s speech he said secession was not valid and gov. would not give lando Had already given some land and forts to southo US troops raised US flag on fort Sumter near Charleston, SCo Slave went to Fort Sumter for protection, they sent him backo Secessionist would not allow Fort Sumter to resupply with foodo North-southern states voted not to secedeo No one wanted war at this timeo Confederates wanted North to surrender Fort and troops in Sumter agreedo South fired on Fort, starting war, no troops in fort were hurto Lincoln called for volunteers to join the army, small army prioro After war US army became largest in whole world (45% white, 45% immigrants, 10% black)o Northern-South states seceded with the growing of US army- Anaconda Plano Both sides focused on capturing others capital (Richmond, VA and Washington DC)o War was not going well for US at firsto Scott came up with plan to squeeze outside of south like anaconda- Military Drafto Never had draft before Civil Waro Southern states started draft originally 18-35, became 17-50o Slave owners of 20+ didn’t have to fighto Confederate government also tried to create taxes to pay for waro These 2 actions irritated many southerners- Opposition to secessiono Houston led opposition to secession and died during waro People in mountains with few slaves opposed secessiono German people in Texas opposed secession- Great Hanging of Gainsvilleo Formed Union League to oppose slave owners of 20+ not being draftedo Hung because they refused to join when others didn’t- Battle of Balls Bluffo People escaped to Union side, south wono Afterward South asked for slaves back and northerners said ok- Confiscation Acto Butler, leader in army, saw slaves digging trenches and building fortso If slaves were used against Union as property they could be confiscatedo Later Lincoln agreed and created the Confiscation Acto 2nd Confiscation Act: if confederate leaders did not surrender they would lose property- Emancipation Proclamationo Lincoln wanted to keep border states with slaves loyal to USo But was trying to create general emancipation Acto Victory came in Antigua and he issued proclamationo All slaves in rebellious states would be free if no surrender in 90 days o No effect in loyal border states- Southern Responseo White southerners began seeing black Union soldiers, became scared of slave uprisingo Proclamation infuriated southern whiteso Lincoln came up with POW pamphlet to make south treat black troops bettero Southern armies were in Pennsylvania and Gettysburg occurredo Black Americans kept retreating to north, if captured by Confederates treated horribly- Photographso First US photographs from waro Pictures of bodies on battlefield- Gettysburg Addresso Lincoln went to Gettysburg site and gave a quick speecho It was a statement about what the war was overo No other president has been more memorialized- Lincolno Before War Lincoln doubted emancipationo Believed it should come slowly and with compensationo Clearly disliked slavery, but was not an abolitionist- Granto Given control of Union armyo Grant would attack and continue pursuing, unlike before where fighting would halto From Illinoiso Soldiers felt difference when Grant was in charge- Shermano One of Grants officerso Led march from Atlanta to savannah called Sherman’s marcho Lincoln nearly lost second election to McClellan a general of his he dismissedo Nearly lost due to dislike of war, but Sherman’s march brought him back- End Waro South surrender in 1865o Slaves in rebelling states were freed, but ideology still persistedo Whites claimed slaves couldn’t be freed due to violence and needed educationo Blacks didn’t create violence and were accepting of
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