HIST 105 7 2 13 South thoughts on Secession o Thought North wouldn t couldn t fight back o Thought England would have back but they already ended slavery o Thought cotton was too important to US o Advantage was to just hold out not have to win Civil War o Troops studied same strategy at West Point and some split off to south o Led to similar tactics early on o Union was preserved South lost Slavery abolished o Disease killed a large portion of the soldiers How did Secession lead to War o In Lincoln s speech he said secession was not valid and gov would not give land o Had already given some land and forts to south o US troops raised US flag on fort Sumter near Charleston SC o Slave went to Fort Sumter for protection they sent him back o Secessionist would not allow Fort Sumter to resupply with food o North southern states voted not to secede o No one wanted war at this time o Confederates wanted North to surrender Fort and troops in Sumter agreed o South fired on Fort starting war no troops in fort were hurt o Lincoln called for volunteers to join the army small army prior o After war US army became largest in whole world 45 white 45 immigrants 10 black o Northern South states seceded with the growing of US army Anaconda Plan o Both sides focused on capturing others capital Richmond VA and Washington DC o War was not going well for US at first o Scott came up with plan to squeeze outside of south like anaconda Military Draft o Never had draft before Civil War o Southern states started draft originally 18 35 became 17 50 o Slave owners of 20 didn t have to fight o Confederate government also tried to create taxes to pay for war o These 2 actions irritated many southerners Opposition to secession o Houston led opposition to secession and died during war o People in mountains with few slaves opposed secession o German people in Texas opposed secession Great Hanging of Gainsville o Formed Union League to oppose slave owners of 20 not being drafted o Hung because they refused to join when others didn t Battle of Balls Bluff o People escaped to Union side south won o Afterward South asked for slaves back and northerners said ok Confiscation Act o Butler leader in army saw slaves digging trenches and building forts o If slaves were used against Union as property they could be confiscated o Later Lincoln agreed and created the Confiscation Act o 2nd Confiscation Act if confederate leaders did not surrender they would lose property Emancipation Proclamation o Lincoln wanted to keep border states with slaves loyal to US o But was trying to create general emancipation Act o Victory came in Antigua and he issued proclamation o All slaves in rebellious states would be free if no surrender in 90 days o No effect in loyal border states Southern Response o White southerners began seeing black Union soldiers became scared of slave uprising o Proclamation infuriated southern whites o Lincoln came up with POW pamphlet to make south treat black troops better o Southern armies were in Pennsylvania and Gettysburg occurred o Black Americans kept retreating to north if captured by Confederates treated horribly Photographs o First US photographs from war o Pictures of bodies on battlefield Gettysburg Address o Lincoln went to Gettysburg site and gave a quick speech o It was a statement about what the war was over o No other president has been more memorialized Lincoln o Before War Lincoln doubted emancipation o Believed it should come slowly and with compensation o Clearly disliked slavery but was not an abolitionist Grant o Given control of Union army o Grant would attack and continue pursuing unlike before where fighting would halt o From Illinois o Soldiers felt difference when Grant was in charge Sherman o One of Grants officers o Led march from Atlanta to savannah called Sherman s march o Lincoln nearly lost second election to McClellan a general of his he dismissed o Nearly lost due to dislike of war but Sherman s march brought him back End War o South surrender in 1865 o Slaves in rebelling states were freed but ideology still persisted o Whites claimed slaves couldn t be freed due to violence and needed education o Blacks didn t create violence and were accepting of freedom
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