Unit Three Study Guide TOPIC ONE PSYCHOLOGICAL DIORDERS How has our understanding of mental illness changed over time What are the three distinct models of mental illness During the Middle Ages people saw people with psychological disorders as abnormal and were shunned demonic model they attributed hearing voices talking to yourself and behav ing oddly to the actions of evil spirits infesting the body treatments exorcisms During the Renaissance 1400s views of mental illnesses became more enlightened medical model people began to view it as a physical disorder requiring med ical treatment asylums institutions for those with mental illnesses European governments began to house these individuals here patients bound in chains treatments bloodletting draining of excessive blood snake pits scaring patients out of their disease none worked some by placebo 1800s moral treatment those will mental illnesses treated with dignity kindness and respect Modern 1950s chlorpromazine Thorazine given to mental hospitals offered some effective treatment for some symptoms of schizophrenia deinstitutionalization due to this drug governments began to allow the re lease of patients into the community to return to work school families etc the good many patients returned to somewhat of a normal life and institutionalizes rates dropped dramatically the bad many were not given proper follow up care got off their meds became homeless and wandered the streets psychological disorders causes disfunction not able to work learn or socialize chemical imbalance different biology five things used to diagnose a psychological disorder flaw not all psychological disorders generate distress flaw some conditions like laziness can also have these results flaw just because schizophrenia is rare doesn t mean you should rule it out 1 abnormality statistical rarity deviant many mental disorders are uncommon in the population 2 subjective distress distressful the disorder is causing stress worry or anxiety for others or the individual 3 impairment dysfunctional interfere with someones ability to function in everyday life destroys marriages friendships and jobs 4 societal disapproval culture what is socially acceptable society decides what is a mental disorder or not 5 biological dysfunction mental disorders result from breakdowns or failures of biological systems ex schizophrenia affects frontal lobes mental disorders do not all have one thing in common DSM 5 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders a book used to diagnose mental illnesses put together by a large group of experts from every field and they collectively flaw racism messiness and rudeness are undesirable by society but are still not disorders flaw not all fall under this category ex phobias put current research into the new updated versions always being updated used to diagnose if you have symptoms and then according to this you have disorder psychological and social influences adopts a biopsychosocial approach acknowledges the interplay of biological criticisms 1 categorical model you re either mentally ill or not no middle ground an ex ample would be pregnancy you re either pregnant or you re not argued that mental disorders are not black and white they want to make this claim because it s hard to treat a spectrum disorders fit a dimensional model they differ in degree intensity of the disorder an example of this is height people differ in height its not all or none 2 comorbidity 2 or more disorders ex depression and anxiety 3 argued that they are not different disorders just slightly different variations of the same condition tendency to medicalize normally diagnose someone with a mild case as ill 4 argued that its becoming to normal 25 of people today have disorders if a kid is fiddling and shaking in class you shouldn t just to say oh he has ADHD get him some Ritalin he s just being a normal kid five anxiety disorders DSM 5 is vulnerable to political and societal influence an example of this is when homosexuality was taken out in the 1970s science will weed out in valid disorders ANXIETY DISORDERS the fear or dread of future events opposite of depression which focuses on the past 1 GAD generalized anxiety disorder free floating sense that something is going to go wrong difficult to treat 2 panic disorder comorbid with phobias and GAD sudden onset of extreme anxiety causes panic attacks physical problems due to anxiety someone can have panic attacks without having panic disorder 3 phobia extreme level of fear taking fear to the next level to the point where it impairs your life example people who won t leave their house for 30 years panic attacks are induced from phobias easy to treat most common 4 PTSD post traumatic stress disorder also called shell shock battle fatigue extends to all sorts of trauma not just military symptoms include flashbacks aggression inability to sleep etc the greater the amount of trauma the greater chance level of PTSD ex 9 11 robbery sexual assault battle rape the biggest predictor of whether someone will develop PTSD is the level of tram experienced 5 OCD obsessive compulsive disorder two components 1 obsession and 2 compulsion anxiety is related to the obsession ex being obsessed with health compulsion reduced the anxiety ex washing hands this is negative reinforcement washing hands takes away anxiety of germs the person is more likely to repeat this behavior video http www kcchiefs com media center videos NFL Films P resents Horsin Around With Eric Berry ab946ef9 a41f 417d a6b5 6209af84980f Somatoform disorder also known as Briquet s syndrome or somatic symptom disorder matoform of the body mental illnesses that cause bodily symptoms including pain symptoms can t be traced back to any physical cause and are not the result of substance abuse or another mental illness two types of somatoform disorders 1 hypochondriasis illness anxiety excessive illness concerns when common pains or coughs causes fear of a brain tumor etc 2 conversion disorder psychological symptom takes a psychological form MOOD DISORDERS most prevalent more people have mood disorders than any other Major Depressive Disorder ongoing current disabling most MDD episodes go away on their own which makes it hard to diagnose and treat pen to you physical symptoms loss of enjoyment energy excessive sleep crying cognitive symptoms constantly thinking of all the bad things that hap situational depression all of us get sad when sad things happen not long
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