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PSY2012 Study Guide-Chapter 13: Freud & The Psychodynamic ApproachReadings: 554-559Key TermsConsciousIncludes everything that is inside of our awareness--part where we can think and talk about in a rational wayUnconsciousAccording to Freud, A reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unawarePreconscious According to Freud, the preconscious mind is part of the conscious mind and includes our memory. These memories are not conscious, but we can retrieve them to conscious awareness at any timePsychodynamic School of thought that emphasized the role of childhood experience and the unconscious mindId, Ego, & SuperegoPersonality derives from these three elements-- they work together to create complex human behaviorsDefense Mechanism The ego has developed a number of defense mechanisms to cope with anxiety. Although we may knowingly use these mechanisms, in many cases these defenses work unconsciously to distort realityConcepts:1. How did Freud describe the structure of personality? What were the three main components?o Freud believed that human personality rised from a conflict between impulse and restraint seeking biological urges and out internalized social controls over these urges.o Three main components of personality:1. The IDa. Fights for unconscious desiresb. Driven by the ‘pleasure principle’ which is immediate gratificationc. Not concerned with what society says is acceptable2. The EGOa. Conscious selfb. Driven by the ‘reality principle’i. You want to have sex with your mom (the id) your internalized rules say its wrong (superego) so you find a girl that looks like your mom (ego)c. Finds acceptable ways to meet the demand of the IDd. Contains our pertly conscious perceptions, thoughts, judgments andmemories3. The SUPEREGOa. The voice of our moral compass (conscience) that forces the EGO to consider not only the real but the idealb. It is how we are supposed to behavei. Like the angel on your shoulderc. Internalized rules--parents telling you that hitting your sister is not allowed2. Know Freud’s psychosexual stages, the “erogenous zones” associated with each and what could occur if one were to become fixated at each.Freud’s Psychosexual StagesStage Focus (erogenous zones)Oral (0-18 months)  Pleasure centers on the mouth--sucking, biting, chewing--immediate gratification Important that kids learn you cannot always have what you want3 Ex. Breast feedingAnal (18-36 months)  Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control Control of your own body Ex. Potty trainingPhallic (3-6 years)  Pleasure zone is the genitals--coping with incestuous sexual feelings Kids touching themselves Oedipus Complex: a boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealously towards his fatherLatency (6 to puberty)  Dormant sexual feelings Nothing really happens hereGenital (puberty on)  Maturation of sexual interests Sexual energy shifts to where it is supposed to be No fixation on prior stages3. What was the role of Freud’s defense mechanisms?o Repression >> keeping anxiety arousing wishes from consciousness--key on (this is the goal for all of them)o Regression >> allows us to retreat to an earlier stage of development--ex. thumb suckingo Projection >> attributes threating impulses to otherso Rationalization >> generate self-justifying explanationso Displacement >> diverting sexual or aggressive impulses--ex. you want to punch your boss, but you kick your dog insteado Denial >> rejecting events as fact or denying seriousness4. What is the big question relating to Freud’s conception of the structure of personality?o Whether or not these unconscious processes & conflicts can be assessed in a reliable or validwayChapter 13: PersonalityReadings: 564-584Key Terms:Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) A projective test in which people express their inner feelingsand interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenesHierarchy of Needs A theory of motivation proposed by psychologist Abraham Maslow--focuses on the importance of personal growth and self-actualizationDimensional Model British psychologists Hans Eysenck and Sybil Eysenck believed that we could reduce many of our normal individual variations to 2 or 3 dimensions, including extraversion-introversion and emotional stability-instabilityMMPI Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory--the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders, this test is now used for many other screening purposesInternal/External Locus of Control Internal: the perception that you control your own fateExternal: the perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fateRorschach Test The most widely used projective test--a set of 10 inkblots designed by Hermann Rorschach--seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blotsPerson-centered Perspective Carl Rogers believed that a growth promoting climate required 3 conditions: (1) people nurture our growth by being genuine (2) also nurture growth by being accepting--the unconditional positive regard (3) nurture growth by being empathic by sharing and mirroring our feelings and reflecting our meaningsMyers-Briggs A specific type indicator that is available in 21 languages andis taken by more than 2 million per year for counseling, leadership training and work team developmentBig 5 Personality Factors Personality researchers have proposed that there are five basic dimensions of personality--(1) Extraversion (2) Agreeableness (3) Conscientiousness (4) Neuroticism (5) OpennessConcepts:5. How can unconscious aspects of personality be assessed?o According to Freud, by studying the conscious manifestations of what’s hidden in the unconscious.6. What did the humanistic perspective on personality focus on? Who were the individuals associated with the humanistic perspective?o The humanistic perspective on personality focused on the ways ‘healthy’ people strive for self-determination and self-realization.o Abraham Maslow--self-actualization and hierarchy of needso Carl Rogers--person-centered perspective7. What is the trait perspective?o Rather than focusing on unconscious forces and thwarted growth opportunities, some researchers attempt to define


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FSU PSY 2012 - Study Guide

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