Objectives: Chapter 16(Psychological and Biological Treatments)Pages 632-6621.Know the aims, methods, and criticisms of psychoanalysis. o壱Aims: Bringing repressed feelings into consciousness brings healingo壱Methods: Free Association and Dream Analysiso壱Criticisms: Psychoanalysis is highly subjective, its interpretations cannot be verified, and its basic assumptions are not supported by research. It is also highly time consuming and expensive.1.Contrast psychodynamic therapy with traditional psychoanalysis. o壱Psychodynamic: defending yourself against thoughts and feeling can be exhausting. It's different from psychoanalysis because it says that conflicts involve social aspects of life and not unconscious sexual urges. Psychodynamic theory also does not require years of therapy like psychoanalysis does.1.Know the basic characteristics of the humanistic therapies. o壱Emphasis on the value of self awareness and self acceptance. It's an exploration of current feelings. Define yourself in terms of future goals and plans for personal growth.1.Explain how the basic assumption of behavior therapy differs from those of traditional psychoanalytic and humanistic therapies, and describe the techniques used in exposure therapies and aversive conditioning. o壱Traditional psychoanalysis and humanistic focus more on talking over the problems and trying to find the solution in yourself rather than confronting the problem head on through exposure or aversive conditioning. Here, you physically change the situation rather than just talk over the problem.1.Know the key assumption and treatment focus of cognitive therapists. o壱Assumption: that cognitive assessments of events is often the source of our distress.Treatment includes getting people to think in fresh, more constructive ways.1.Explain how cognitive-behavior therapy integrates aspects of both cognitive and behavior therapies. o壱CBT tries to address both problematic thoughts AND behavior. CBT therapists encourage clients to purge negative thoughts and behave in “mood incongruent” ways (go out and do something that makes you happy even though you're sad.)1.Identify the defining features of group therapy, including family therapy. o壱Group therapy and family therapy are cheaper and offer the benefits of social context. 1.Explain why clients and clinicians tend to overestimate the effectiveness of psychotherapy.o壱People enter therapy in a crisis and people may believe that therapy was effective when in reality it may have been a good day by coincidence.1.Note the overall finding concerning the effectiveness of psychotherapies (versus the outcome for people receiving no treatment) found by meta-analyses. o壱Overall, people who received treatment did better than those that didn't.1.Know how psychologists determine the best treatment for a given disorder.o壱The DSM outlines the most effective treatment plans for each individual disorder1.Define psychopharmacotherapy. o壱Drug therapies work by changing brain chemistry1.Describe the characteristics of anti-anxiety and antidepressant drugs. o壱Anti-anxiety: Reduces central nervous system activity and is often combined with psychotherapy like cognitive-behavior therapy.o壱Antidepressants: Boost the availability of neurotransmitters that elevate mood, also commonly used to treat anxiety
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