Chapter 8 Memory NotesThree Stages of MemorySensory Memory- Extremely brief sensory activation that never even enters conscious processing.Working memory- Brief memory for material you are currently processing that keeps info active and accessible as well as helping coordinate on-going mental activitiesLong term memory- Contains memory from experiences and knowledge collected over a lifetime, has a very large capacity and memories are distributedTypes of sensory memoryIconic memory (visual)Echoic memory (auditory)Functions of (working) short term memoryBrief memory for material that you are currently processingKeeps info active and accessibleHelps coordinate ongoing mental activitiesLimited to about 7 itemsNo longer than 20 seconds, probably lessChunkingPacking strongly associated info together954-254-1855Increases the amount of info that can fit in working memoryLong Term memoryCan hold over 500 sets of info and can last a lifetimeExplicit memory (declarative memory)- Memories we retrieve intentionally and of which we have conscious awarenessImplicit memory- Retrieval independent of conscious reflection, non declarative memoryPriming- activation of associations in long-term memory, also unconsciousThree stages of memoryEncoding- getting info inVisual processing- what something looks likeAcoustic processing- what something sounds likeSemantic processing- what something meansStorage- Prediction- Deep, meaningful info processing generally leads to more permanent retentionRetrieval- getting it outRecall- An essay testRecognition- multiple choice testRelearning- faster learning of previously learned infoErrors in MemoryMemory illusion- hearing 20 words related to “sweet” and including the word sweetMemory is an active, constructive process, and mistakes happenMisinformation effect- Creation of false info by providing misleading info about an event after it takes placeWords used to describe an event may affect later memory constructionAmnesiaAnterograde amnesia- inability to form new memoriesRetrograde amnesia- inability to retrieve old memoriesSeven memory enhancing strategiesMinimize interferenceElaborately process targeted infoUse mnemonic devicesStudy repeatedlyGet adequate sleepMentally reinstate contextTest yourself after a delayChapter 8 Memory NotesThree Stages of MemorySensory Memory- Extremely brief sensory activation that never even enters conscious processing. Working memory- Brief memory for material you are currently processing that keeps info active and accessible as well as helping coordinate on-going mental activitiesLong term memory- Contains memory from experiences and knowledge collected over a lifetime, has a very large capacity and memories are distributedTypes of sensory memoryIconic memory (visual)Echoic memory (auditory)Functions of (working) short term memoryBrief memory for material that you are currently processingKeeps info active and accessibleHelps coordinate ongoing mental activitiesLimited to about 7 itemsNo longer than 20 seconds, probably lessChunkingPacking strongly associated info together954-254-1855Increases the amount of info that can fit in working memoryLong Term memoryCan hold over 500 sets of info and can last a lifetimeExplicit memory (declarative memory)- Memories we retrieve intentionally and of which we have conscious awarenessImplicit memory- Retrieval independent of conscious reflection, non declarativememoryPriming- activation of associations in long-term memory, also unconsciousThree stages of memoryEncoding- getting info inVisual processing- what something looks likeAcoustic processing- what something sounds likeSemantic processing- what something meansStorage- Prediction- Deep, meaningful info processing generally leads to more permanent retentionRetrieval- getting it outRecall- An essay testRecognition- multiple choice testRelearning- faster learning of previously learned infoErrors in MemoryMemory illusion- hearing 20 words related to “sweet” and including the word sweetMemory is an active, constructive process, and mistakes happenMisinformation effect- Creation of false info by providing misleading info about an event after it takes placeWords used to describe an event may affect later memory constructionAmnesiaAnterograde amnesia- inability to form new memoriesRetrograde amnesia- inability to retrieve old memoriesSeven memory enhancing strategiesMinimize interferenceElaborately process targeted infoUse mnemonic devicesStudy repeatedlyGet adequate sleepMentally reinstate contextTest yourself after a
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