Objectives: Chapter 15(Psychological Disorders)Pages 584-586; 589-6101.Identify the criteria for judging whether behavior is psychologically disordered.o壱Abnormal behavior that causes significant distress that causes dysfunction (impairing one's ability to get along in life)1.Know the goals and content of the DSM-5. o壱The DSM-5 groups disorders by category and lists symptoms of those disorders. It's goal is to provide a checklist of observable symptoms for diagnoses.1.Know the benefits – but also the potential dangers – of using diagnostic labels. o壱Diagnostic labels guide our perceptions and interpretations, allowing a treatment professional a narrower scope of focus in order to properly treat an individual. However,providing labels also deems someone as having mental problems, to which the media is often neither accurate nor kind in its portrayal of psychological disorders.1.Define anxiety disorders, and contrast the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. o壱Anxiety disorder: exaggeration of threat, sending the person into fight or flight. Results in distressing and persistent anxiety. Generalized anxiety disorder is defined bya continual feeling of unease, even in the absence of an anxiety-provoking stimulus. Panic disorder is characterized by panic attacks and is an intense fear where one shouldn't necessarily be?1.Understand how a phobia differs from the fears we all experience. o壱Phobias are an intense fear of a particular animal, object, or situation in an area where fear shouldn't necessarily be. People with phobias could look at a picture of something that they have a fear of and have a panic attack.1.Know the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. o壱OCD: Characterized by obsessions( recurrent and distress-causing thoughts_ and compulsion(Repetitive behaviors driven by the obsession)1.Know the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. o壱PTSD: A condition that follows extremely stressful life events. Symptoms include vivid memories, feelings, and flashbacks. The event must be physically dangerous or life-threatening to qualify.1.Know the contributions of the learning and biological perspectives to our understanding of the development of anxiety disorders. o壱1.Know mood disorders, and contrast major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.o壱Mood disorders: Exaggerations or distortions of normal mood states.o壱Major depressive disorder is characterized by depressive episodes while bipolar is characterized by alternating episodes of depression and mania1.Identify explanations for major depressive disorder. o壱Life events like loss, depression causing the failure of relationships which causes a lack of social support. Beck's cognitive model: what we think is what we feel. Depression can run in families, so there is some sort of genetic influence. Cognitive triad: negative thoughts about self, world, and future. 1.Know biopsychosocial influences on psychological disorders. o壱Major life events like loss can cause a person to retreat into themselves, making their interpersonal relationships suffer. On a psychological level, what we think affects what we feel and depressing thought stem from negative thoughts about self, world, and future. Maladaptive interpretations are negative schemas or cognitive distortions like problems processing information.o壱Bio: Genetics, evolution, brain structure and chemistryo壱Psychological: stress, trauma, learned helplessness, mood-related perceptions and memorieso壱Social: roles, expectations, definitions of the words normality and
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