LANGUAGE, THINKING, AND REASONING (CH.8)Why did language form and how does it work?-Is it easy?-Think about how easily we can produce complex language.oInfants can acquire languageoNested structures-Artificial Intelligence Computers (Cleverbots)oReproducing human language; however, lacks evolution.When and why did language form?-Essentially when the "homo" species evolved. -*WhyoTo reference objects in the environment, albeit concrete or abstractoSocial and Emotional reasons-- group formation-Early human groupsoCapable of language oCapacity of about 200-Language requires large learning periodoExperience based-Language improves reproductive fitness oAdvantages-Communication of complex ideas-Coordinates social interaction-Assists in complex activitiesHow did language evolve?-Grooming behavior [hypothesis]-Mother/ Child interactions-Gestures-Mirror Neurons-RecursionoRepeating things in a similar way THE FEATURES OF LANGUAGE-Phonemes: categories of sounds our vocal apparatus produces [phonetics]-Morphemes: smallest meaningful units of speech; convey information about semantics [meanings]-Syntax: grammatical rules that govern how words are composed into meaningful strings [grammar]-Extralinguistic information: Communication that isn't vocal, ie. Gestures.Language structure-Syntax structure-Phrase structure *Language is
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