Memory Reading assignment Chapter 7 pp 246 267 275 283 Objectives 1 What is memory Is it an active or passive process Memory Retention of information over time AKA persistence of learning Active reconstruction rather than passive reproduction 2 What are the three systems of memory Be able to describe the sequential process of memory Sensory memory brief storage of perceptual info before it is passed to short term memory few second buffer of perceptual info Each sense has its own sensory memory Vision iconic memory Hearing Echoic memory Short term memory STM memory system that retains info for about 20 sec Working memory allows us to hold onto info we re currently thinking about Two jobs Processing sensory memory info that we are attending to Processing memories retrieved from long term memory Long term memory 3 Be able to describe sensory memory including its duration What is iconic memory What is echoic memory Be able to give an example of each 4 Be able to define short term memory What is its span What are the two main jobs of short term memory 5 What are two reasons why we lose short term memories Be able to define and give an example of each type of interference Decay fading of memory info over time Interference loss of memory info because of other competing info Retroactive interference interference of retaining old info due to new info Ex Street names of old and new places interference of retaining new info due to old info Proactive interference Ex Parking spot 6 What is the capacity of short term memory i e what is the magic number What is one way we can expand the capacity of memory Be able to give an example Capacity Magic number 7 2 Chunking Organizing into meaningful groupings Allows us to increase capacity of STM 7 What is rehearsal and what can it do for short term memory Be able to define and differentiate between maintenance and elaborative rehearsal Which tends to be more effective Rehearsal repeating info to extend duration of retention in STM Maintenance Rehearsal repeating stimuli in original form Elaborative Rehearsal Linking stimuli to each other in a meaningful way to improve retention Elaborative is more effective 8 In textbook Be able to define and differentiate between primacy effect and recency effect How do these relate to short term and long term memory 9 What is long term memory How long can it last Long term memory LTM Enduring store of info regarding our facts experiences skills acquired over our lifetime Info can be retained for years 10 Be able to define and differentiate between explicit and implicit memory Explicit memory memories recalled intentionally and are consciously aware of Implicit memory memories we don t deliberately remember reflect on consciously 11 What are two subtypes of explicit memory Be able to give an example of each Semantic memory knowledge of facts Episodic memory recollection of events in our lives 12 What are the two subtypes of implicit memory discussed in class Be able to give an example of each How does conditioning relate to implicit memory Procedural memory for motor skills and habits Ex How to ride a bike Priming ability to identify stimulus more easily quickly after we ve encountered similar stimuli Ex Sleep related words affected stem completion answers 13 What are the three processes of memory and what do they do generally How info gets transferred into LTM and gets back out again Three processes 1 Encoding 2 Storing 3 Retrieval 14 What is encoding What must we do to encode something Encoding Process of getting info info into our memory banks Attention to encode we must first attend We do not encode everything we come across 15 What are levels of processing How does this relate to encoding Know the study of Craik Lockhart and what it tells us about level of processing Visual what something looks like Acoustic what something sounds like Semantic what something means 16 What is storage What are schemas and how do they relate to storage Storage process of keeping info in our memory banks Schemas organized knowledge structure mental model in our memory 17 What is retrieval What are most cases of forgetting Retrieval reactivation or reconstruction of experiences from our memory bank Many cases of forgetting are due to retrieval failure 18 Be able to define and differentiate between the three types of memory retrieval discussed in class What is savings Recall generating previously remembered info on your own Recognition selecting previously remembered info from options Ex Essay test Ex Multiple choice test Relearning reacquiring knowledge that we d previously learned but mostly forgotten over time Savings tend to relearn info faster Ebbinghaus Curve memorized symbols and tested himself Then waited long period of time so he forgot the symbols and relearned Does he learn faster the second time yes 19 What is a memory illusion Be able to give an example of schema driven memory errors Memory Illusion a false but subjectively compelling memory 20 What is source monitoring confusion Monitoring Confusion lack of clarity about the origin of a memory 21 What is the misinformation effect Be able to describe the Loftus Palmer car wreck study and the findings How does this finding relate to the misinformation effect What did Loftus and her colleagues find when they attempted to implant false memories of being lost in the mall Misinformation effect memory is affected by misleading info after the event takes place 22 From the textbook What are flashbulb memories Are they as accurate as people believe they are How are they different from typical memories How are they the same as typical memories
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