General Psychology-PSY2012-05September 26, 2011. Monday.Loudness (amplitude)- measured in decibelsPitch (frequency)-measured in HertzFrequency Theory: Low Pitchthe way that you hear pitch, which is related to frequency, the b membrane in your ear vibrates at the same frequency as the sound.AKA: Whole Basilar membrane vibrates at the same frequency as the sound, this triggers NEURAL IMPULSES to the brain at SAME RATE AS SOUND WAVESPlace Theory: High Pitch Different sound waves trigger different activity in different locations of the Basilar’s membraneBOTH THEORIES WORK TOGETHERTwo Types of Hearing Loss:Conductive hearing loss:Occurs when sound isn’t conducted efficiently (like if you have ear ache)Sensorineural Hearing Loss:Caused by damage to the Cochlea’s receptor cells or the auditory nervesMost common type of hearing lossVision & Acuity(sharpness) Nearsightedness: DISTANT objects focus IN FRONT of the retina-NEAR objects seen more clearly Farsightedness: Nearby objects focus BEHIND the retina-FAR AWAY objects seen more clearlyVision: Rods & Cones Rods: receptor cells associated with black & white vision-Located at the periphery of the retina Cones: Receptor cells associate with COLOR vision-Located at the fovea of the retinaTheories of Color Vision: Trichromatic theory (Young & Helmholtz) You can create any color by combining light waves of 3 colors: red, green, blue. Opponent-processes theory-(by Hering) We have 2 additional color processes: Red vs. Green. Blue vs.Yellow. *AfterimagesVision: Feature Detection Nerve cells in the brain respond to specific features of a stimulusEdges, shape, angle, movement-Different areas of your brain respond to different itemsSmell (Olfaction) Chemical senseMolecules in the air reach our olfactory receptor cells (which last 30-60 days)Olfactory neurons are unique in that they are the only neurons that link directly to the brainSense of smell decreases with agePheromones (Perfumes, Colognes, etc)Women can synchronize their cycles Doesn’t make you sexually attractive ;)Men and women filled out tedious paperwork for 2 hours-Women maintained a positive mood after exposure-Men’s mood deteoriated after exposure to pheromonesTaste (gustation)Taste is a chemical sense (like smell!)Taste buds catch food chemicals200+ taste buds Every week or two-new taste buds! Reproduce themselves. Sensitivity decreases as you get older 5 tastes sensations: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, savory(umami)TouchSkin senseMay be the most important senseA mix of skin senses: pressure, warmth, cold,
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