PPE 3003 Lecture 3 3 products of the evolutionary process 01 23 2015 Adaptations By products Random noise Adaptation o Feature selected for by evolution o For something to be an adaptation it has to Deal w adaptive problem something that impedes survival or reprodection Examples Famine Disease Shelter safe from weather and predators Injury accidents Adaptations have to have a genetic basis By products of Adaptations o By products side effects of adaptations Not considered to be adaptations themselves Example Bellybutton by product of umbilical chord Noise Random Variation o Feature that doesn t affect reproduction Example Shape of earlobe Hair color Some traits that have evolved see to threaten survival Sexual selection o Example Male peacocks Why is this o Increases chance of reproduction o Even if a trait threatens survival it will be selected for as long as it helps reproduction IntERsexual selection o Example Members of one sex choose a mate based on their preferences Men place more emphasis on attractiveness Women value connections social status IntRAsexual selection Members of the same sex compete w rivals for access to mates o Example elephant seals o Men fight compete o Women gossip etc Males engage in MORE intrasexual competition Inclusive fitness Genes inclusive fitness o Your survival doesn t matter o Only the survival of your genes does Selfish gene perspective much as possible o Our behavior directed toward goal of replicating genes as Inclusive fitness theory Hamilton 1964 o We share genes w others family o If we help family to survive and reproduce shared genes will get copied o Predicts who we save in an emergency Evolutionary Psychology and sexual selection The study of the psychological traits as products of natural selection 01 23 2015 01 23 2015
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