PPE 3003 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I. Personality DefinedII. TraitsIII. MechanismsIV. Personality AnalysisV. TIPI TestOutline of Current Lecture I. Measuring Personality TraitsII. Self-Report DataIII. Observer Report DataIV. Test DataV. Life Outcome DataCurrent LectureA. Measuring Personality Traitsa. How would you measure how outgoing someone is?i. Watch them, observe them, self assessment testb. Ask themi. Self Report dataii. S-datac. Ask the person’s friendsi. Observer Report dataii. O-datad. Different kinds of testsi. Test dataii. T-datae. Gather information about their lifei. Life-outcomeii. L-dataB. Self-Report Dataa. These can be structured (multiple choice) or more unstructured (open-ended questions)b. Easy to interpret, especially multiple choicec. Twenty Statements Testi. Asks 20 random statements d. Adjective Checklisti. Check yes or no if they apply to you or notii. More specific and less specific adjectiveiii. Measures how you do in social situations and what you think about during the daye. Questionnairesi. Most frequently usedii. Easiest and most efficientiii. Answer strongly agree to strongly disagreeiv. More specific than adjective checklistf. Experience Samplingi. Ex: beeper study1. Given beepers and throughout the day the beeper would randomly go off and they would have to fill out a questionnaireg. Pro’si. There are things that only you know about yourselfii. Cheapiii. Time efficientiv. Easy to organize and codeh. Con’si. People can lie1. Job interview questionnairesii. There are things that people do not know about themselvesiii. We tend to view ourselves in a more favorable lightiv. We do not recognize our own negative traitsC. Observer Report Dataa. You want a lot of observers, not just one personb. Limited perspective because people can act differently in different situationsc. Types of observersi. Professional personality assessors1. Trained and experienced in assessment2. Do not want their knowledge of area to effect their decisionsii. Friends and family1. More naturalistic2. Can assess across different social situations3. Observer may be biased, family will sometimes give more positive biasD. Test Dataa. Situational testsi. Situation designed to elicit behaviors that serve as indicators of personality1. People put in weird situations to see how they reactii. Elicited behavior can be scored by independent ratersiii. Ex: emergency situation1. Make person believe smoke is coming from under a doora. If person was alone in the room, they looked for help quicker than if person was surrounded by others in the roomiv. Limitations1. Participant may guess what is being observed and alter their behavior2. Participant might interpret testing situation differently than intended3. Researcher might influence behavior4. People might act differently in a laba. Not naturalistic b. Physiological testsi. Mechanical recording devices1. EEG, EKG, Eye movementii. Actometer1. Measures how much someone moves around; how active the person isa. Tested on children for ADHD2. Tests arousal levels, which are slight fluctuations of sweat glands in handsa. Makes electricity conduct more easilyb. The easier it is to conduct, the more arousedE. Life Outcome Dataa. Available in public record or volunteered by the personb. Examples:i. Salary, criminal records, marriage license, divorces, rank in military, schoolgrades, financial records, bank statements, social media websitec. These are affected by things other than
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