PPE 3003 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Current Lecture I. Latent Personality TraitsII. Two perspectives on traitsIII. ApproachesIV. TaxonomyV. Eysenck’s Hierarchical Model of PersonalityVI. Cattell’s TaxonomyVII. Wiggins CircumplexVIII. Five Factor ModelCurrent LectureA. Latent Personality Traitsa. Personality traits that do not correlate with how a person actually behavesi. Ex: braveryB. Two perspectives on traitsa. Traits are internal causal propertiesi. Traits are internal states that have the potential to cause behaviorii. Doesn’t mean they have to lead to behaviorb. Traits are purely descriptive summariesi. Traits describe a person’s tendencies to behave a specific wayii. There are no traits without behavior1. Have to do a brave act to be considered brave2. People are more likely to admit to having socially desirable iii. Act Frequency Formulation1. Person has the trait only to the certain degree to behavior 2. Ex: dominance, if person has arms outspread is a sign of dominance C. Approachesa. Lexicali. All important traits are apparent in languageii. 18,000 trait descriptive adjectives in the dictionary1. if they are important in the intrapsychic world then there would be a word for itiii. Do words exist cross culturally?1. If a trait only exists in one culture, then it must not be important in the other culture that does not have it iv. Synonym frequency: how many adjectives exist to explain one core trait1. The more adjectives, the more important/relevant the traitb. Statisticali. Score questionnaires and analyze using factor analysisii. Which traits co-vary iii. Factor Analysis1. Items load together2. Compare different data to see which is the best fit iv. Confirmatory Analysis1. How good of a fit your model is to the actual data c. Theoreticali. Theory determines which traits are important 1. Ex: Freud on his psychoanalytic theoryii. Needs empirical support if they are going to live on d. Lexical and statistical go together really wellD. Taxonomya. Taxonomy is a classification systemi. Goal is to identify and name groups within a subject1. Examples: periodic table of elementsii. Doesn’t just see which one is more important, it’s a way to make more sense and be more organized E. Eysenck’s Hierarchical Model of Personalitya. Three key traitsi. Psychoticism (P)1. People were afraid of me, drugsii. Extraversion-Introversion (E)1. Talkative, making new friendsiii. Neuroticism-Emotional Stability (N)1. Nervousnessb. Neuroticism with sociable, lively, active, assertive, and sensation-seeking stemming off of itc. Extraversioni. High in extraversion1. Likes to party2. Has many friends3. Needs people around to talk to 4. Practical jokers5. Carefree6. High energy leveld. Neuroticismi. High in Neuroticism1. Worries a lot2. Anxious/ depressed3. Has trouble sleeping4. Psychosomatic symptoms5. Over-reactive with negative emotionse. Psychoticismi. Have biological underpinningii. High in psychoticism1. Solitary2. Lacking in empathya. Insensitive to pain and suffering of others3. Cruel/inhumane4. Aggressive5. Prefer strange/unusual things6. Impulsive7. Antisocial F. Cattell’s Taxonomya. Includes 16 traitsi. Interpersonal warmth, intelligence, emotional stability, dominance, impulsivity, conformity, boldness, sensitivity, suspiciousness, imagination, shrewdness, insecurity, radicalism, self-sufficiency, self-discipline, tensionG. Wiggins Circumplexa. Based on two core personality traitsi. Dominant/submissiveii. Friendly/hostile b. Con’s:i. Not enough dimension is a huge one H. Five Factor Modela. Most widely used taxonomy of personalityb. Measured by the TIPIc. Big fivei. Openness/intellect1. Ex: Salvador Valley the artist ii. Conscientiousness1. Ex: Florence Nightingale iii. Extraversion1. Ex: Forrest Gumpiv. Agreeableness1. Ex: Nelson Mandela v. Neuroticism1. Ex: Moil from Seinfeld d. Empirical evidencei. Most widely acceptedii. Found by many researchers using different samplesiii. Has been replicated over 50 years and in many languages1. Not due to cultureiv. Replicated using different item
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