Motives learning objectives 1 What is a motive What is a need How do motives relate to personality a Motive the supreme motive is striving to actualize and perfect the self i We feel like we re missing something like a piece of us the internal state that we feel pushes us to correct this deficit 1 The internal state is motivation ii Individuals differ in their motives the differences relate to individual personality 1 The differences between people are measurable a Their need for power affiliation competence autonomy each person will be higher or lower than another on these unique motives b The differences in the level of the motive creates differences in life outcomes i Those who are high on power will go out of their way to engage in behaviors that will fill that desire those who are low on power wont engage in these kinds of behaviors 2 They re relatively stable in people a There are temporary factors that can increase decrease the need but there s a base level a trait level of what we end up possessing on a day to day basis b Needs Pg 279 Construct that stands for a force in the brain region that organizes perception apperception intellection conation and action in such a way as to transform in a certain direction i Causes us to behave in a certain way to reduce tension ii Needs can be things like food water and sleep or things like social interaction love belongingness iii The motivation that comes from these needs influences our perception 1 If we have tension from an unsatisfied need our behavior becomes affected it tries to change to satisfy the need iv All people have the same needs but the level of importance varies between persons 2 What are they key differences between humanism and psychoanalytic theory a Humanistic view Pg 271 emphasizes the creative optimistic and self actualizing tendencies of human beings a general orientation in psychology that i We re motivated to do things that help us realize our greatest potential but we have autonomy in it 1 Our conscious is engage we actively engage in behaviors to reach our potential and rid ourselves of the things brining us down b Psychoanalytic theory believes that motivation is entirely unconscious i We do things because of motivation we don t even realize we have ii We re doing things but don t know why 3 According to Rogers what is a fully functioning person How do they tend to operate a Fully functioning person Pg 272 actualization and is therefor consciously aware of the many different facets of their life and able to symbolize many seemingly inconsistent aspects of experience and integrate them into a coherent whole person who has attained maturity and i They are reflective spontaneous flexible adaptable confident trusting creative and self reliant b They operate according to the organismic valuing process Pg 272 fully functioning persons ability to view events and developments from the standpoint of their own growth and maturation i The experiences that are beneficial to the goal of self actualization are approached and maintained and those that are rendering of the goal are minimized and avoided 4 What is unconditional positive regard What are conditions of worth How do conditions of worth affect our self image and cause important conflicts a Unconditional positive regard Pg 272 uncritical and non contingent manner love and acceptance provided in an i Regard from others promotes basic self regard people need to be positively regarded by others and themselves belief that some aspects of ones experience are b Conditions of worth Pg 272 good and worthy and others are not i Love and acceptance are often conditional particularly things that we say think do feel etc are praised while others are not ii People build a self image based off of what people who are of high importance to them positively regard urging them to adopt it iii Aspects that are viewed as unworthy by those people of high importance get denied or distorted because they offer no positive regard which make them see like a punishment iv Example A girl who enjoys physical sports may be criticized by her parents and peers for playing basketball with boys because that s not an appropriate things for a girl to enjoy 1 This regard becomes conditional its dependent on her conformity to feminine roles so she denies her love for sports and her conscious denial creates inner conflict 5 According to Maslow what is self actualization What needs in the need hierarchy need to be fulfilled before we can work on and achieve self actualization a Self Actualization Pg 273 the fundamental striving toward fulfilling ones entire potential Term from humanistic psychology referring to i His term for humans fundamental strive to realize their inner potential b Need hierarchy Pg 273 ii The need for self actualization is trumped by the need hierarchy physiological needs provide the foundation for the successive emergence and satisfaction of safety needs belongingness and love needs esteem needs and actualizing needs i Physiological needs sleep food water ii Safety needs structure security order avoidance of pain protection iii Belongingness and love needs people desire to feel accepted and loved by others and to form affiliate loving and intimate bonds iv Esteem needs Self respect and esteem from others to be seen by the self and by others as a competent and effective organism v Actualization motives the person to fill their potential 6 What modern theory has its route in humanism According to this theory how do rewards affect behavior a Self determination theory Pg 276 motivation to shape purposive and intrinsicly rewarding behavior how rewards interact with intrinsic i Motivation theory that can be broken down into types 1 Intrinsic motivation Pg 275 from external reinforcers and rewards motivation from within rather a Intrinsicly motivated behavior is self determined behavior b We have a natural tendency to engage in things that will promote self development a person will engage in an activity that appears interesting to them 2 Extrinsic motivation engage in activity for some reason that s outside of us a Behavior that is not intrinsicly motivated may be ii Rewards and behavior seen as controlled 1 Theory says that extrinsicly rewarding an intrinsic behavior 2 should motivate that behavior If you reward that intrinsicly motivated behavior the behavior becomes extrinsic when the reward is taken away we no longer have the intrinsic motivation that we used to to perform the
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