PPE 3003 1st Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture I. Evolution and Natural SelectionII. Natural SelectionIII. Sexual Selection IV. Evolutionary Psychology V. Clark and Hatfield, FSU (1989)Outline of Current Lecture I. Sex differences II. Individual DifferencesIII. ReviewCurrent LectureA. Sex differencesa. Men tend to be more variablei. Human ancestors were about 67% female and only 33% male1. Not for all of the Big Five Traitsb. Last version of FSU study was 1999 and has been replicated by others but not again at FSUc. This study was raw; some people were in relationships, others were single, it wasrandomB. Individual differencesa. Environmental triggersi. Psychological adaptation will only manifest itself if the environment allows it ii. Ex: no embarrassment if raised by wolves b. Trait contingenciesi. Psychological adaptation will only manifest itself if the trait is backed up and it matches up with physical attribution ii. Ex: aggressive style more advantageous is paired with physical strengthiii. Ex: the muscle behind the mob proves himself when he gets aggressive, even if he is a relatively tiny guy c. Frequency-Dependent Differencesi. Ex: just the right number of psychopaths 1. If too many psychopaths, then not helpful to be one also2. If none in a population, would be helpful because you could fill that niche d. Balancing selectioni. Process through which genetic variation is maintained because different levels of traits are best for different environments 1. In some circumstances being a psychopath is useful and sometimes nota. Hannibal Lector was locked up with a mask and not able toreproduceb. Other example of psychopath who was rich and smooth C. Reviewa. Chapter 6i. Hierarchy of genome1. Genome is 26 chromosome pairs, which is made up of DNAii. Environmentality is opposite of heritability iii. If heritability for height is 90%, then 10% of the variance is due to the environment b. Chapter 7i. Phineas Gage video1. Pole in head, became a mean guy and personality changedii. Eysenck’s1. Know both theories2. First theory a. Introverts and extroverts have different level of baseline arousal3. New theorya. Introverts are more reactive to stimulationb. Different starting levels of baseline arousaliii. Dopamine= feeling good iv. Norepinephrine= reward dependence v. Abnormal serotonin metabolism can affect harm avoidance (anxiety) vi. Shorter circadian rhythm are morning people who reach arousal level peak earlier in the dayvii. Longer circadian rhythm are evening people who reach arousal level peaklater in the day c. Chapter 8i. Conducive genes to the population will get passed on, ones that are harmful or not helpful will die off ii. Trait can be bad for survival but good for sexual reproduction and will still get passed on iii. Can be difficult to tell difference between spandrel and an
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