PPE 3003 1st Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Current Lecture I. Amadou DialloII. The Cognitive Approach to Personality III. Three Levels of Cognition IV. Perceptual LevelV. Interpretation VI. Goals and BeliefsVII. IntelligenceVIII. Emotional IntelligenceCurrent LectureA. Amadou Dialloa. The police officer’s dilemmab. Using ethnicity to disambiguate potentially threatening individuals of personality and social psychology c. African American versus white targetsd. Holding a gun versus another object i. Participants had a lower threshold for shooting African American target compared to White targets B. The Cognitive Approach to Personality a. The study of individual differences in how people process information C. Three Levels of Cognition a. Perception i. Imposing order on sensory information ii. 2 people have same perceptual information 1. Someone smiling at two different people b. Interpretation i. Making sense of/ explaining events ii. Two people can interpret the perceptual information differently1. What that smile means to one person could be different to the othera. Friendly smile versus evil smile c. Goals and Beliefsi. People’s standards for evaluating selves and others D. Perceptual Levela. Pain tolerancei. How this applies to simple things such as sensation seeking, ii. Low pain tolerance wouldn’t find mixed martial arts as fun as high pain tolerance people iii. Reducers1. Will decrease it2. High sensation people3. Need more stimulation iv. Augmented1. Will make it more intense2. Low sensation seeking people 3. Need less stimulation b. Field dependence versus field independence i. Embedded Figures Test (EFT)1. Find the hidden animal in the picture ii. Field dependent people 1. Having trouble locating the hidden figures2. Tend to rely more on social information 3. Tend to favor social sciences and education iii. Field independent people1. Easily locate hidden figures2. Tend to be better at ignoring distractions 3. Tend to favor sciences and engineering E. Interpretation a. Three dimensions of Explanatory Stylei. Internal/external 1. Internal if you get an A on the test and think it was because you studied hard and knew the material2. External is you get an A on the test and think it is because the test and class was worded and set up easily ii. Stable/unstable1. Stable if you get an A on the test, you will predict to get an A on the rest of the tests2. Unstable if you think I got an A on this exam but I won’t or am not guaranteed to do well on the others iii. Global/specific 1. Global if you get an A and think you will get an A in this class and all others2. Specific if you get an A and think it will only be on this certain test b. Locus of controli. Responsibility for events 1. Internal or external 2. Internal locus of control can be good because it is a motivator because you know the burden will fall on you and you have to takepersonal responsibility for ita. More control of weight, likely to graduate with a degree, and conserve and save money3. Internal locus of control can be negative too because you can blame everything on yourself, especially when it’s not a. More likely to feel guilty for a family members death-what could they have done different, could’ve saved them c. Learned helplessnessi. Lack of influence in once circumstances affecting future judgments of ability to influence 1. In dogs, it’s more straight forwarda. Two spots, A and B2. In humans, more on explanatory stylea. If optimist and stuck in A, specific not global/stable not stable and it will not always be this way if you go over to B b. If pessimist style and stuck in A, it will always be this way and I will continue to get shocked so I’ll just take the shock because there is no way around it c. Depression studies on humans and animals F. Goals and Beliefsa. Self-efficacyi. Belief that one can execute a plan of action to achieve one’s goalsii. Self-efficacy leads to success and success leads to self-efficacy b. Theory of Mastery Orientation/Implicit Personality Theoriesi. Entity 1. If that person is mean now, they will always be meanii. Incremental 1. If that person is mean now it is probably because it is just a mood that will pass and it’s not permanent 2. Keeps you going after certain goals G. Intelligencea. Achievement versus Aptitudeb. General versus Domain Specific H. Emotional Intelligencea. Goleman argued that traditional IQ tests don’t predict important life outcomesi. Job success, quality of marriageb. Emotional intelligence consists of 5 abilitiesi. Self-awareness1. Of one’s emotions, feelings, ectii. Emotion regulationiii. Self-controliv. Ability to decode the social/emotional cues of othersv.
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