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FSU PPE 3003 - Psychoanalytic Approaches Contemporary Issues

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PPE 3003 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I. Freud’s Original TheoryII. The Unconscious III. JungIV. Modern Ideas about the Partitioned Mind V. Freud’s Structure of PersonalityVI. Psychosexual DevelopmentVII. Defense Mechanisms VIII. FreudOutline of Current Lecture I. The Neo-Analytic Movement II. Repression and Contemporary Research III. Contemporary Views on the Unconscious IV. Ego Psychology V. Erikson’s 8 Stages of Development VI. Object Relations Theory VII. Early Childhood Attachment Current LectureA. The Neo-Analytic Movementa. Contemporary psychoanalysisi. Inspired by Freudii. Modified and advanced by othersiii. A lot of them seem like less controversial, watered down versions of Freudb. Focus on childhood relationships and adult conflicts with others c. Five ideas behind modern psychoanalysis i. Unconscious is important 1. Freud said the unconscious was everythinga. It controls, dictates and means everythingb. In modern movement, it is important but no the only thingii. Behaviors reflects conflict between desires and fears1. Conflict between multiple cognitions2. Can have the desire to have a prestigious job and fear that you might not live up to the expectations 3. Similar to unconscious conflicts but these are not so set in stone iii. A lot of personality development happens in childhood1. Childhood involves working relationships for later ideas in lifeiv. How we see self and others guides interactions1. Can be more successful at this than othersv. Development is learning how to get along with others1. Development is the core of psychologyB. Regression and Contemporary Researcha. Holly Ramonai. Recovered memory of sexual abuse while under hypnosisii. She encountered a false memory of having been raped by her own father iii. A police search and investigation took place when the dad denied itiv. The court determined that memory of abuse was false and encourage by the psychoanalyst v. Father later sued the psychoanalyst since she encouraged this intense false memoryb. Video clipi. Why do people make up these fake memories?ii. Sometimes to cover up other thingsiii. Sometimes the therapist encourages these memoriesc. People like to have explanations for their suffering d. Loftusi. Memory researcher ii. Testified for false memories in court1. Difficult to know which is true and which is notiii. Some, but not all, recovered memories are false e. Be aware of processes that help create false memoriesi. Leading questions1. If psychoanalysis thinks adult issues stems from childhood they would ask biased questions that will lead you to one direction versus another 2. Might ask, “Were you abused as a child?”a. Would encourage you to think of a time you were even if you were not abused ii. Imagination Inflation Effect1. Idea that you imagine something has happened 2. In the future you would believe it really did happen3. Probably close to dreams alsoiii. Confirmatory bias1. Umbrella terma. Leading question is under it2. If you already think something of someone else you will try to findevidence for it and focus on it even it it’s not true3. Seek information for ideas we already think to confirm it f. Important to seek independent evidence to substantiate memories of traumaC. Contemporary Views on the Unconscious a. Cognitive versus motivated unconscious i. Similar to Freud’s viewb. John Bargh’s priming studiesi. Expose people to certain words or ideas and see how it affects them laterii. Rudeness iii. Elderly 1. Old people versus neutral wordsa. After old people words, slower walking to elevator than neutral group c. Unconscious information can have brief, predictable influence on thoughts and behaviorsd. Much more evidence for the cognitive unconscious than the motivated unconscious D. Ego Psychology a. Shift in focus from id to egoi. Freud thought id was the core of all desires, behaviors, and everything b. Erik Erikson i. Ego is a powerful and independent part of personality ii. Roles of ego1. Master environment2. Achieve goals3. Establish identity a. Self of sense4. Ego is the selfiii. Difficulty establish identity can lead to identity crisis1. Confusion about roles and goals E. Erikson’s 8 Stages of Development a. Personality development occurs throughout lifeb. Social challenges at each i. Non-sexualc. Retained idea of fixation d. 1. Trust versus Mistrust i. Occurs during infancyii. Are people generally good?e. 2. Autonomy versus Shame and Doubti. Occurs during toddlerhoodii. How much of the world do I control?f. 3. Initiative versus Guilti. Occurs in young childhoodii. How do I achieve goals?g. 4. Industry versus Inferiorityi. Occurs in elementary schoolii. Am I able to achieve goals?h. 5. Identity versus Role Confusioni. Occurs during adolescence ii. Who am I?1. Try out different personas, phrases, and roles to find out who you are and where you fit in iii. Can be a stressful time iv. Identity Foreclosure1. Tried out different identities and just give up and just do what parents or friends want2. Revert back to expectations of others or of societyv. Moratorium1. Taking time out before you choose a persona, non of these fit so you sit back and not commit to any but try on different roles or phrases 2. Doesn’t commit to any specific one i. 6. Intimacy versus Isolationi. Occurs during young adultii. Can I form an intimate relationship?1. Boyfriends, girlfriends, roommates, marriagej. Generativity versus Stagnationi. Occurs during adulthoodii. Am I doing something meaningful with my life?1. Am I just spinning my wheels or am I actually doing something with my life?2. Is my job just a job or do I enjoy doing something I really enjoyk. 8. Integrity versus Despairi. Occurs during old age1. When they are retired ii. Have I accomplished what I wanted to in life?F. Object Relations Theory a. Emphasizes social relationships and their origins in childhoodb. Assumptions i. Internal desires and urges are not as important as developing relationships with others ii. Others, especially mother, become internalized as “mental objects”iii. Internal representation influences future relationships G. Object Relations Theory a. Infant-caregiver relationships become working models for later adult relationships H. Early Childhood Attachment a. Ainsworthi. Studied attachment in infantsb. Strange situation procedurei. How baby reacts when other is present, leaves, and returns c. Bowlby’s Attachment Theoryi. Infant-caregiver relationships become “working


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FSU PPE 3003 - Psychoanalytic Approaches Contemporary Issues

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