PPE 3003 1st Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture I. Culture and PersonalityII. Evoked Culture III. Transmitted CultureIV. Culture Universals Outline of Current Lecture I. LimitationsII. Three Research Methods in Personality PsychologyIII. Big Five Personality TraitsIV. Formula for BehaviorV. Interesting FindingsVI. Needs for MotivesVII. Future Directions Current LectureA. Limitationsa. “Personality is a topic that’s just too large to hold in the mind at once” –Charles Carverb. Personality is about studying broad patterns and averagesc. Used to be about the whole picturei. Freud took examples from his patients and applied them to the rest of theworldd. Now a lot more of asking specific questions B. Three Research Methods in Personality Psychologya. Correlationali. Does one thing correlate with anotherii. Correlation does not mean causation b. Experimental i. Experiment design ii. Observation in a lab or out in the real world c. Case study i. On one single individualii. Was once very populariii. Freud used this iv. Has validity issues C. Big Five Personality Traitsa. Openness to experience/Intellectb. Conscientiousness c. Agreeablenessd. Neuroticism e. Extraversionf. Remember, OCEAND. Formula for Behaviora. B = f (P x S)b. Three types of personality times the social interaction i. Situation selectionii. Evocationiii. Manipulation E. Interesting Findingsa. Estimating frontal brain asymmetryi. Ask thought-provoking questionii. If people look right, then they may have a left-sided bias 1. Susceptibility to positive emotions iii. If people look left, then they may have a right-sided bias1. Susceptibility to negative emotions b. Using 2D4D as an estimate of testosterone leveli. Which finger is longer- your ring finger or index finger?1. Divide length of ring finger by length of index fingerii. High 2D: 4D ratio1. Index finger is longer 2. Lower levels of testosterone 3. Most females iii. Low 2D: 4D ratio 1. Ring finger is longer 2. Higher levels of testosterone 3. Varies in men F. Needs and Motivesa. Big Three Motivesi. Achievement1. Need to succeed ii. Power1. Need to be in control over othersiii. Intimacy1. Need to have close and intimate relationshipsiv. It is the process of satisfying needs that is pleasurable, not the absence ofneeds G. Future Directionsa. There is a push to integrate knowledge from various areas of researchi. Neuroscience, developmental psychology,
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