PPE 3003 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture I. Three Components of EmotionsII. Emotions are Functional III. Two Approaches to Studying EmotionsIV. Emotions and Personality V. Pleasant Emotions: HappinessVI. Negative Emotions: AnxietyVII. Negative Emotions: DepressionVIII. Negative Emotions: AngerOutline of Current Lecture I. Three Components of the SelfII. Self-Concept: DevelopmentIII. Self-Concept: Possible SelvesIV. Self-EsteemV. Positive Side of High Self-EsteemVI. Negative Side of High Self-EsteemVII. Social Identity VIII. Identity CrisisCurrent LectureA. Three Components of Selfa. Self-Concepti. “Who am I?”ii. Your understanding of yourselfiii. Sense of self is out anchoriv. High school and college may be a difficult time b. Self-Esteemi. “Am I good or bad?”ii. How you feel about who you are c. Social Identity i. “Who am I in relation to others?”ii. How you present yourself to othersiii. Sometimes social identity does not match our self-concept and the selves we present to others are not the selves we know our selves to truly be, leading some of us to feel fake or phony in our relationshipsiv. Relatively enduring B. Self-concept: Developmenta. Begins with physical aspects of the selfi. Self-recognition- mirror test1. Occurs at about 18 months2. Self-recognition is an important developmental achievement that allows the child to advance to more complex manifestations of self-awareness, such as pretend play and using personal pronounsii. Then, in terms of skills and relationships1. Usually begins at 5 or 6, when children begin to go to school2. Social comparisona. Evaluating one to others in terms of comparison with a reference group 3. Familial relationships a. Private self-concept emerges and realize they can keep things private and secret from Mommy and Daddyb. Can be in form of imaginary friendiii. Then, in terms of personality and more abstract concepts1. Beliefs and motivesa. Adolescence b. Based on abstract ideas versus concrete characteristics iv. Perspective Taking1. Ability to take the perspective of others, or to see oneself as others do, to step outside of oneself and imagine how one appears to other people2. Leads to self-awareness, which in turn, leads to evaluation apprehension3. Teens might go through period of extreme self-consciousness, focusing majority of their energy on how they appear to other people C. Self-Concept: Possible Selvesa. Possible Selvesi. Describes the many ideas people have about who they might become, who they hope to become, or who they fear they will becomeb. Ideal Selfi. What you want to be ii. Built on one’s own desires are goalsc. Ought Selfi. What you think others want you to be ii. Built on what people take on as their responsibilities and commitments toothers D. Self-Esteema. General evaluation of oneself, the positive and negativesb. Sum of positive and negative reaction to all of the aspects of your self-concept c. State versus traiti. Average level and fluctuations from that leveld. Global versus specifici. Overall evaluation and evaluation in certain domains e. Acts as a “sociometer”i. Self-esteem is a rough gauge of perceived belongingnessii. The “meter” is not always well calibrated E. Positive Side of High Self-Esteema. Associated with persistence in the face of failurei. People easily accept feedback that is consistent with their self-conceptii. High self-esteem1. Fear or NOT succeedingiii. Low self-esteem1. Fear of failure b. High is associated with coping with failurei. Relying on self-complexity to buffer against failure in one area of lifec. Low is associated with self-handicappingi. Fear of failure leads to the preparation for failure1. Failure on one’s own terms 2. Lessens the anticipated blow F. Negative Side of High Self-Esteema. Not all it is cracked up to be i. Not associated with positive ratings of the self from others1. Seems too cocky and into your self, annoying to othersii. Does not lead to academic or job successiii. Does not prevent people form drug and/or alcohol abuse iv. Threatened egotism1. When high self-esteem’s greatness is questioned then hostility can be the consequence G. Social Identitya. Two featuresi. Continuity1. Identity is relatively stable across time and situationsii. Contrast1. Identity differentiates you form other people H. Identity Crisisa. Identity deficiti. Lack of identityii. Occurs in teenaged years, when searching for the right identityb. Identity conflicti. Incompatibility between multiple aspects of
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