Topic Outline for Exam2 Psychoanalytic Perspectives Ch7 Tues 2 18 Freudian Structure of the Psyche Id unconscious The unruly demanding gratification seeking instinct driven source of our psychic energy and our teo primary drives the love and death instinct unconcerned w reality constraints unreasonable Unconscious It doesn t care if mom is driving it wants love and attention NOW Today we call unconscious things like implicit or automatic Its real Eros the love instinct earlier called the pleasure principle The drive for pleasure sexual gratification union and life self preservation Thanatos the death instinct or aggression instinct The drive for aggression violence pain infliction and self destruction Didn t appear in Freud s thinking until after WWI Ego Focused on reality principle Our conscious experience of our selves It is the negotiator of the demands of three tyrants Id Superego and Reality The Ego must Navigate the external world to ensure self preservation Navigate the internal world to reduce psychological tension i e anxiety or neuroses Healthy personality development strives toward some Ego Ideal An self that is able to continually satisfy the demands of the 3 tyrants When this coping breaks down we see pathological behavior Superego Internalized representation of parental and societal rules norms Our conscience Constantly tells Ego what it should and should not be doing Also unyielding inflexible unconcerned w reality constraints Ex If teachers say don t hit others but parents say protect your sister those rules may conflict Superego doesn t care It is the source of guilt Freud called it moral anxiety Defense Mechanisms dealt with How the Conflict between the three tyrants creates anxiety aka neuroses for the ego is We are sometimes able to deal with this anxiety conflict in healthy ways like wish fulfillment and sublimation Wish Fulfillment Projection Repression Expressing satisfying desires through imagination fantasy Ex Dreams paintings myths stories daydreams all express and potentially satisfy unconscious desires Ex Louis CK s story about flying first class Ex Fantasy Realization Theory Dieting Oettingen 2001 Fantasy Realization Theory Study done about dieting 3 conditions Indulge in fantasy lost the least weight Ruminate on challenges Fantasize but be realistic lost the most weight Sublimation Channeling desire into more socially acceptable reality appropriate avenues Ex Sports sublimate Thanatos friends lovers pets sublimate Eros Displacement like temporary thus less permanent submlimation Temporary shifting the impulse to a more appropriate or accessible object other Ex Aggression toward father turns into aggression toward dog sibling Ex Desire for comfort from mother turns into attachment to a security blanket Attributing one s own unacceptable thoughts and desires to others Ex I don t hate him he hates me Ex I m sure all she thinks about is cheating on me which makes it OK to think about cheating on her Suppress deny ignore or actively forget some anxiety inducing event or desire Ex Blocking out a memory of an embarrassing event Why less ideal a The tension isn t resolved only ignored and it can manifest in neurotic ways b Free association therapy dream analysis are meant to identify repressed desires and let them play out in the therapy session transference Reaction Formation Avidly adopting or over emphasizing the OPPOSITE of an anxiety inducing desire Expressing animosity toward someone when really one wants union Ex Reaction Formation Homophobia Study Adams et al 1996 Rationalization Reinterpreting and justifying our own behavior or desires in a way that make them seem more acceptable to us Rationalization is a powerful tool but a double edged sword a It is central to Emotion Focused Coping i Reinterpreting negative events in ways we can live with that minimizes anxiety b It also inclines us to persist in potentially harmful and damaging relationships and patterns of behavior i Ex abusive relationships avoiding responsibilities addiction Theorized sources and treatments for psychological disorders Humanistic View Ch 7 Tues 2 25 Humanists Theorized sources and treatments for psychological disorders o Like Psychoanalysis Humanism originally grew out of the clinical side of psychology o But very different causes and treatments of mental illness o Also very different views on the potential for wellness o Psychoanalysts Anxiety caused by conflicts between 3 Tyrants Mental Illness arises when coping strategies defense mechanisms break down Ex Thanatos has no satisfying outlet and thus turns self destructive Goal of Therapy When coping stops working help the patient bring unconscious conflicts to conscious awareness in order to work through them together via transference o Humanism Denial and distortion of one s genuine feelings and desires usually because Still caused by conflict but not Tyrants Ego conflict Conflict one believes others disapprove Carl Rogers called this Conditional regard from others I ll love accept you but only if you are a certain way Ex Gender norm expectations Roger s own repressive childhood Further caused by having no genuine sense of purpose or meaning Ex Victor Frankl logotherapy Carl Rogers Theory o Conditional vs unconditional positive regard called this Conditional regard from others Carl Rogers I ll love accept you but only if you are a certain way Ex Gender norm expectations Roger s own repressive childhood Maslow s Theory o Hierarchy of Needs theory of prepotent needs Self actualization can only be worked toward once more basic needs are met o Jonah Complex self handicapping Self Actualization can be inhibited by the Jonah Complex a fear of success With great goals come great responsibility and that s scary We Fear the loss of control We Fear the attention scrutiny of others We Fear letting others down if we fail Can lead to Self Handicapping Setting oneself up for failure so that there is a ready made excuse Ex Going out instead of studying I could have if only Self Determination Theory o Autonomy Relatedness Competence Autonomy Is the universal urge to be causal agents of our own life and act in accord with our beliefs and values A study of 320 small business classified as high autonomy vs top down control o Autonomy firms grew at 4x the rate of the top down control firms A survey of top workplace stressors was conducted in 2005 by the Harvard School of Public Health o 1 Lack of Control o 2 Pervasive Uncertainty o 3
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