Social Psychology Part 1 Reading Assignment Chapter 13 pp 496 518 529 535 Objectives 1 Define Social Psychology Who does social psychology study What is the need to belong Who has a need to belong Why is it important Social Psychology scientific study of how individual s thoughts feelings and behaviors are influenced by other people Focused on normal individuals Relationship between individual and others Need to belong desire to form and maintain interpersonal relationships with others A fundamental human motive Relationships are key to survival and reproduction 2 What did Norman Triplett discover about the presence of others What is social facilitation What is social disruption How does the presence of others lead to these things Presence of others 1897 Norman Triplett noticed bicycle racers had better times in competition vs alone Presence of others increases physiological arousal Presence of other physiological arousal dominant responses either improves performance social facilitation OR impairs performance social disruption 3 What is the definition of a group Be able to give an example of a group Group collection of two or more people doing or being something together 4 What are two goals of groups discussed in class 1 Get things done 2 Make accurate decisions 5 What is social loafing What are three things that can reduce social loafing Social loafing reducing one s effort when in a group ex Tug of war People loaf less when Task is meaningful Work with friends vs strangers Personal efforts identifiable 6 What is deindividuation What are two consequences of deindividuation another problem with groups Deindividuation Losing sense of personal identity Less accountability o More social loafing o More antisocial behavior 7 What is group polarization What are three reasons discussed in class that group polarization occurs What is groupthink What does groupthink lead to What are two ways to prevent group polarization and groupthink What are advantages and disadvantages to heterogeneous groups Group Polarization Discussion leads to more polarized decisions Groups become more extreme Ex Considering getting cat or dog Why do groups polarize after discussion Attitude Polarization the more we think about an attitude the stronger we feel about it Sense of security power and safety in numbers Social pressure going along Groupthink desire to agree rather than to generate best decisions Can cause bad decisions Don t generate or evaluate different perspectives To prevent group polarization and groupthink Have heterogeneous groups o Advantages More people are likely to share ideas Different perspectives More creative ideas o Disadvantage Difficult to get people to agree 8 Assign a devil s advocate From the textbook What is an attribution What is the fundamental attribution error Why do we tend to make this error 9 Be able to define and differentiate between prejudice stereotypes and discrimination Stereotype generalized belief about members of a group ex All New Yorkers are rude Prejudice generalized attitude toward members of a group ex Dislike for New Yorkers Discrimination Behaviors directed toward people on the basis of their group membership denying ppl a job based on their face or gender 10 What is the difference between traditional discrimination and modern discrimination Be able to give examples of each Traditional Discrimination Discrimination that is institutionalized Ex Voting rights Modern Discrimination More covert subtle discrimination ex Social interactions 11 From your textbook What is explicit prejudice and implicit prejudice What is the difference between the two Be able to describe the Implicit Association Task IAT and what it measures 12 What is Social Identity Theory According to Social Identity Theory what are three effects of valuing the ingroup devaluing the outgroup Social Identity Theory view groups we belong to as better makes us feel good about ourselves o Categorize people into groups o Identify with ingroup s o Emphasize ingroups and outgroups o Favor our ingroups 13 What is ingroup bias What is outgroup homogeneity bias What is ingroup identification How do these things relate to stereotypes prejudice and discrimination Ingroup Bias tendency to favor our ingroup over others Outgroup homogeneity bias overestimate how similar members of other groups are to another Ingroup Identification more strongly we identify with a group the stronger the outgroup prejudice ex Seminoles vs gators 14 What is minimal groups effect Be able to give an example Minimal Groups Effect automatic preference for ingroup even when group boundaries are random and meaningless 15 What is Realistic Group Conflict theory Realistic Group Conflict Negative prejudices and stereotypes stem from actual competition between groups over resources Evolution of Intergroup Conflict Increase own survival by ensuring ingroup has advantage Outgroup competitors Found in other species Evolved tendency to categorize as us and them The boundaries of us and them are defined by culture 16 How does intergroup conflict contribute to negative views of outgroups 17 In what ways are prejudices evolved In what ways are prejudices culturally determined 18 What is the contact hypothesis What are four things that make contact more effective Contact Hypothesis Positive contact with outgroup members can reduce prejudice 19 Describe the Rattlers vs Eagles study Be able to explain how this study supports the contact Helps to reduce stereotyping Friendships lead to empathy and perspective taking Increase perceptions of outgroup diversity Morer effective if Equal status informal contact Multiple contacts with several members Approving authority figures Interdependence with a common goal hypothesis Robbers Cave Study Two groups Rattlers vs eagles First played competitive games with each other Later had to work together to achieve goals 20 Be able to define prosocial behavior and altruism Prosocial behavior any action intended to benefit another To be prosocial must be Beneficial to someone else Intentional Motive doesn t matter Altruism helping others for selfless reasons 21 What is the story of Kitty Genovese Why did this story encourage researchers to study emergency helping 1964 Kitty Genovese attacked in NY Attack lasted 35 min NY Times article 38 witnesses only 1 called police Encouraged research 22 According to Latane and Darley what are the five steps to helping What is the main thing that tends to interfere with these
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