Emotions Personality Examples How would you feel Giving a performance in front of people singing speech would you be excited anxious etc Here s a chocolate bar Would you be excited or would it just be okay o Even positive events can be different for people 03 30 15 Different personalities different emotions Differences in Content i e public speaking Difference in Style i e chocolate example o How easily an emotion can be elicited o The intensity of someone s emotions States Traits States are transitory temporary Some personality traits are all about differences in emotion bar Traits are patterns of behavior o Generally caused by something within the individual There are state versions of many individual differences o I e state versus trait self esteem Content of Emotional Life Pleasant emotions Happiness life satisfactions o 2 ways to define happiness o Generally caused by the situation feeling joy when seeing a chocolate Judgment that life is satisfying stable More positive than negative emotions Measuring events in a day In most ways my life is close to ideal I am satisfied with my life Questions from Satisfaction with Life Scale o The higher the score the more satisfaction with life scored on a likert Happiness scores and life satisfaction scores correlate positively with scale positive life outcomes o What does this mean Bidirectional Happiness causes life outcomes Random variable causing this correlation Etc IT S A BIDIRECTIONAL RELATIONSHIP Longitudinal Results Happy people are more likely to get called back for an interview Happiness art 18 Financial independence job attainment at 26 1 o And these job characteristics predicted happiness Even controlling for parent income college student happiness predicted income 16 years later Happy people got more help at work a year later Happy people o Less likely to die in car crashes o Live longer during an illness o More likely to survive breast cancer People with positive perceptions of aging live 7 5 years longer on average than people with negative perceptions of aging o Even when controlling for demographics Bigger effect than smoking or weight Content of Emotional Life Survey s of happiness and subjective well being o Happy people Less abusive and hostile More helpful creative energetic forgiving and trusting Measure of happiness correlates with social desirability scores o Positive illusions important to happiness Over estimate good qualities and under estimate bad qualities you do this not only for yourself but also for loved ones associated with yourself Optimism Over estimate control of events Inflated view of self as Good Able Desirable Unpleasant Emotions Link between neuroticism self reported health problems o Multiple possible explanations Major diseases are not related to neuroticism Neuroticism diminished immune functioning during stress Personality Well being o Results Experiment measure personality and then do mood induction Extraversion Predicts responses to positive stimuli Neuroticism predicts responses to negative stimuli o Easy to put extraverts in a good mood and neurotic people in a bad mood Emotional Style 2 Exercise in class 5 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 5443343433 36 10 26 low affect intensity 27 43 moderate affect intensity 44 60 high affect intensity Emotional Style Affect intensity o High intensity easy to go to sad to happy and feel emotions o Moderate intensity o Low intensity less reactive to emotional stimuli slow to rise to anger intensely or happiness Positive emotion and culture Affect Valuation Theory o How people feel differs from how they ideally want to feel o Culture shapes ideal affect High arousal positive states include excitement enthusiasm o Valued more in Western Cultures uniqueness Low arousal positive states include calm serenity o Valued more in Eastern Cultures harmony Influence goals assert personal needs and convince others to help Western cultures Adjustment goals suppress personal needs to help the group Eastern cultures Influence goals require high energy due to being action oriented Adjustment goals desire low energy and suppression of the self Link between HAP LAP and culture is through goal preference Study 1 Kong Chinese Correlational assessed European Americans Asian Americans and Hong Measured ideal and typical affect influence goals adjustment goals European Americans valued HAP most then Asian Americans Chinese least o Opposite pattern for LAP European Americans valued influence goals most then Asian Americans Chinese last o Chinese endorsed adjustment goals most latter two didn t differ Study 2 Dyads one Leader one Matcher o Tangram cards had to put in same order 3 3 4ths through the task completed measures of deal and actual affect After finishing task completed measure of influence and adjustment goals Leader endorsed influence goals more and adjustment goals less than Leaders valued HAP more LAP less latter only approached significance Matchers Didn t affect actual affect Study 3 matchers Similar design Leader endorsed influence goals more adjustment goals less than Leaders valued HAP more LAP less than matchers both significant Study 4 Prepared for influencer matcher role Given the chance to choose music o Soundsplash high energy vs Windchants low energy Influencers more likely to choose Soundsplash than Asian American and Chinese European Americans moe likely to choose Soundsplash than Asian American and Chinese 4 04 03 15 Disorders of Personality Medical Student Syndrome Categories vs Dimensions Categorical view traits Dimensional view Studying disease makes you think you and those around you are sick These are all exaggerations of normal variance in behavior o Either the person has a disorder or not o Disorder viewed as distinct qualitatively different from normal o Disorder viewed as a continuum Not just either or Extreme levels of normal traits Dimensional Model of Personality Disorders Distinctions between normal personality traits disorders are in terms of o Extremity o Rigidity o Maladaptiveness Personality Disorders Maladaptive variations of normal traits o Maladaptive variations of common motives o Cognitive processes can becomes distorted o Extremes variations in experienced emotion o Distorted self concept Common features across personality disorders o Lack of stability consistency in self concept o Impaired social relations Defining Disorder Psychological disorder Pattern of distressing behavior experiences o Ex losing job losing friends health problems
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