Abnormal Psychology DSM V diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders does not discuss cause of disorders currently on version 5 V Explains symptoms of disorders every professional should give same diagnosis The collection of symptoms must be severe pervasive recurring disruptive of relationships Provides reliable measure for diagnostics About 18 of adults in America have some sort of anxiety disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder Characterized by excessive uncontrollable and often irrational worry about everyday things that is disproportionate to the actual source of worry the persistent anxiety Applies to several different things often many things and often everyday things Spend about 60 of time worrying about things normal is about 18 Symptoms qualifications 6 months of excessive anxiety and worry not just an acute cause of worry Inability to control worry 6 months 3 symptoms Restlessness constant fatigue distraction irritability muscle tension sleep problems Pervasive disrupts normal social functioning relationships Not caused by substance abuse Most difficult to treat of all anxiety disorders More likely to be female than male occurs in 3 of the population Co Morbid often exists with another disorder Panic Attack intense fear or discomfort Peak within 10 minutes and ends within 30 minutes a lot of energy expended Frequency occurs with another disorder panic attacks with agoraphobia fear of being stuck in a situation in which you cannot escape Symptoms qualifications Palpitations sweating trembling shaking shortness of breath choking feeling nausea dizziness loss of reality fear of going crazy fear of dying numbness chills of hot flashes many features of sympathetic nervous system Attach can be unexpected situational ex upon entering a tunnel situationally predisposed ex sometimes having attacks when driving Panic Disorder when panic attacks are repeated and unexpected and involves excessive concern about attacks person avoids cues that would cause a panic attack Decreased frontal lobe activity inhibition control decision making confusion Increased brain activity in the thalamus sensory overload results in unusual perceptions Phobias Symptoms Persistent excessive or unreasonable fear in response to a cue Ex Flying heights injections blood etc Exposure to cue creates anxiety response or panic attack extreme intense fear Avoids fear at all costs and might go great distances to avoid it Interferes with normal functioning Phobia Types Animal arachnophobia Natural world water storms etc Blood injection Situational planes small spaces elevators acrophobia heights Other illness choking sounds etc Coulrophobia fear of clowns is it a phobia doesn t occur in everyday life OCD obsessions and compulsions listed as Anxiety disorder in DSM IV Extremely disturbed by their thoughts fear involved Obsession suppression Compulsion Conscious Awareness Compulsively respond to seek relief Subconscious processing unwanted thoughts impulses images exceeds real life problems attempts of repetitive behaviors aim to prevent or reduce stress of a situation reinforced for washing hands Conscious Awareness Extinction attempt to suppress thought Anxiety Eventually seek relief Bigger reinforcement after the large amount of fear Represents the inescapable nature of this disorder Examples Washing hands repeatedly compulsion Concern with evenness or exactness obsession Excessive showering compulsion Persistent fear of getting sick obsession Fear of blurting out obscenities obsession PTSD Listed as Anxiety disorder in DSM IV Symptoms Experienced threat death including as a witness or serious injury AND response involved intense reaction Trauma experienced reliving the experience psychological and physiological reaction to cues reacting to certain stimuli Avoidance of stimuli that may bring about flashback Increased arousal overall Symptoms persisting longer than 1 month Disrupts functioning to a large degree Neuroanatomy of PTSD Prefrontal Cortex difficulty inhibiting flashbacks Amygdala excessive amounts of fear Who can get PTSD not just for war survivors Anyone who was a victim Survivors of violent acts school shootings Car accidents disasters Combat veterans People that experienced a death Children who are abused Medical advances allow people to be saved from injuries from war but increases the amount Different names for PTSD battle fatigue combat fatigue gross stress reaction shellshock of people with PTSD post Vietnam syndrome Depressive Episode Major Depressive Disorder Mood Symptoms depressed mood decreased interest or pleasure must be different from Behavior Symptoms sleep disturbance weight change or appetite disturbance loss of their typical mood interests energy psychomotor changes Cognitive Symptoms worthlessness or inappropriate guilt concentration difficulties or indecision thoughts of death or suicide 5 9 of those symptoms must be present to be diagnose Depressed Distress Impairment 2 weeks Major Depressive Disorder Prevalence Adolescents two times more likely than adults Women 5 9 10 25 lifetime risk Men 2 3 5 12 lifetime risk Treatment Cognitive Behavioral Therapy seeing a therapist to correct behaviors empirically supported working on weight if weight gain loss work on cognition work on mood TransMagnetic Stimulation ElectroConvulsive Therapy for extreme situations Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors boost serotonin in brain serotonin is associated with mood Manic Hypomanic Episodes Bipolar Disorders Bipolar I II Elevated or irritable mood inflated self esteem decreased need for sleep pressured speech racing thoughts or flight of ideas distractibility increased goal directed activity excessive involvement in high risk pleasurable activities opposite of depression Marked impairment OR Hospitalization required 7 days or the person ends up in a hospital Bipolar I More severe extreme mania and behavior NO Marked impairment Hospitalization 4 days depressive episode Bipolar II Hypomanic epidsodes elevated mood not as extreme Bipolar I and II Prevalence Bipolar I 0 4 1 6 lifetime prevalence Bipolar II 0 5 lifetime prevalence Treatments Social Rhythms Therapy Mood Stabilizers ex Lithium Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mysterious and very pervasive disorder that impairs a person s ability to function a disorder of thought A single shattered personality Marked by disturbances in attention thinking language emotion and relationships Prevalence about 0 4 0 7 of the population Male equal to
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