Theory of personality approach to psychotherapy and method of investigation founded by Freud Psychoanalysis Hysteria Catharsis Neurosis Obsession Unconscious Conscious Preconscious Suppression Repression A mental disorder marked by the conversion of repressed psychical elements into somatic symptoms such as impotency paralysis or blindness when no physiological bases for these symptoms exist The process of removing or lessening psychological disorders by talking about one s problems Somewhat dated term signifying mild personality disorders as opposed to the more severe psychotic reactions This is generally characterized by one or more of the following anxiety hysteria phobias obsessive compulsive reactions depression chronic fatigue and hypochondriacal reactions A persistent or recurrent idea usually involving an ute toward some action All those mental elements of which a person is unaware There are two levels unconscious proper and preconscious These ideas can become conscious only through great resistance and difficulty The part of the superego that results from experience with punishment and that therefore tells a person what is wrong or improper conduct Mental elements that are currently not in awareness but that can become conscious with varying degrees of difficulty The blocking or inhibiting of an anxiety either by a conscious act of the will or by an outside agent such as parents or other authority figures The forcing of unwanted anxiety ridden experiences into the unconscious as a defense against the pain of that anxiety Phylogenetic endowment Perceptual conscious Unconscious inherited images that have been passed down to us through many generations of repetition The system that perceives external stimuli through sight sound taste and the like and that communicates to them to the conscious system The region of personality that is alien to the ego because it includes experiences that have never been owned by the person It is the home base for all the instincts and its sole function is to seek pleasure regardless of consequences The province of the mind that refers to the I or those experiences that are owned not necessarily consciously by the person As the only region of the mind in contact with the real world it is said to serve the reality principle The moral or ethical processes of personality It has two subsystems the conscience which tells us what s wrong and the ego ideal which tells us what is right A reference to the motivation of the id to seek immediate reduction of tension through the gratification of instinctual drives A reference to the id which houses the primary motivators of behavior called instincts A reference to the ego which chronologically is he second region of the mind after the id or primary process It s thinking is in contact with reality Id Ego Superego Pleasure principle Primary process Secondary process Reality Principle A reference to the ego which must realistically arbitrate the conflicting demands of the id the superego and the external world Moralistic principle Idealistic principles Conscience Ego ideal Libido Reference to the conscious a subsystem of the superego tat tells people what they should not do A reference to the ego ideal a subsystem of the superego that tells people what they should do The part of the superego that results from experience with punishment and that therefore tells a person what is wrong or improper conduct The part of the superego that results from experiences with reward and that therefore teaches a person what is right or proper conduct Psychic energy of the life instinct sexual drive or energy Erogenous zones Organs of the body that are especially sensitive to the reception of pleasure In Freudian theory there are three principle zones the mouth anus and genitals Primary narcissism An infant s investment of libido in its own ego self love or autoerotic behavior of the infant Secondary narcissism Self love or autoerotic behavior in an adolescent Sadism Masochism A condition in which a person receives sexual pleasure by inflicting pain or humiliation on another person A condition characterized by the reception of sexual pleasure from suffering pain and humiliation inflicted either by self or by others Safeguarding tendencies that may include depreciation or accusation of others as will as self accusation all designed to protect exaggerated feelings of personal superiority by striking out against other people A felt affective unpleasant state accompanied by the physical sensation of uneasiness A reaction that is disproportionate to the treat and that leads to repression and defensive behaviors Anxiety that results from the ego s conflict with the superego An unpleasant nonspecific feeling resulting from the ego s relationship with the external world A pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person s behavior Contribute to individual differences in behavior consistency of behavior over time and stability of behavior across situations Unique qualities of an individual that include such attributes as temperament physique and intelligence A set of related assumptions that allows scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypothesis Aggression Anxiety Neurotic anxiety Moral anxiety Realistic anxiety Personality Traits Characteristics Theory Philosophy Love of wisdom Epistemology Nature of knowledge Science Hypothesis The branch of study concerned with observation and classification of data with the verification of general laws through the testing of hypothesis An educated guess or prediction specific enough for its validity to be tested through the use of the scientific method Deductive reasoning Going from the general to the specific Inductive theory Going from the specific to the general Taxonomy A classification of things according to their natural relationships Psychology of science Descriptive research Studies both the science and the behavior of the scientists Concerned with the measurement labeling and categorization of the units employed in theory building Hypothesis testing Falsifiable Leads to an indirect verification of the usefulness of the theory A theory must be precise enough to suggest research that may either support or fail to support its major tenets Internally consistent theory One whose components are logically compatible Operational defenition One that defines units in terms of observable
View Full Document
Unlocking...