PPE 3003 Lecture 5 Social Learning in Culture 01 24 2015 Where behavior comes from including personality differences o Evolutionary instincts of desires o Social learning o Perhaps other factors Big picture Behaviorism Behaviorists say we are motivated to obtain pleasure and avoid pain o What drives behavior is reward and punishment o Conditioning Classical training involuntary bahaviors salivation startle reflex breathing heart rate etc Pavlov s dog Condition dogs to salivate in response to bell instead of food Bell starts out at unconditioned stimulus and saliva is unconditioned response By end bell becomes conditioned stimulus and saliva becomes conditioned response Eventually dog will stop salivating to bell extinction Operant conditioning training voluntary behaviors Reinforcement increases likelihood of response Punishment decreases likelihood of response Positive something extra is presented Negative something is removed Behavior Do children or people in general only learn when they are rewarded or punished o Examples of learning w out reading Observational learning Learning by seeing or reading about the world around you Under what conditions could you observe and not learn o Examples Misinterpreting Watching gymnastics doesn t mean you can suddenly do gymnastics make you fluent Hear someone speak a different language doesn t Observing things like sitting and watching the ocean doesn t necessarily make you learn Steps for Observational learning 1 Attention have to pay attention to learn 2 Retention have to encode it into your memory 3 Motor reproductive processes watching someone play a song on 4 Motivation sometimes see someone do something that you don t piano can t just magically play actually want to do yourself 01 24 2015 01 24 2015
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