Learning Objectives Exam 1 Lecture 1 1 Know the definition of personality discussed in class a A unique set of consistent emotional cognitive and behavioral dispositions or 2 What is the difference between personality traits and mechanisms a Traits are the WHAT of personality They are how people are different from one tendencies another b Mechanisms are the HOW of personality 3 What are three purposes of personality traits a Used to i Describe people ii Explain behavior iii Predict future behavior 4 What are the three components of personality mechanisms Inputs Becoming more sensitive to certain information a b Decision rules more likely to think about specific options c Outputs guide their behavior to certain kinds of actions 5 What is a life story a Integrates our past present and anticipated future into one unified story 6 What are the main differences between personality psychology and the other related fields within psychology a Personality vs developmental i How people change over time vs in what ways they stay the same ii Focus is on adulthood b Personality v Social c Personality vs Clinical i Focus on the situation vs the person i Study of Normal functioning vs the study of disorders 7 Know the three eras in the history of personality psychology and the details of what happened in each pages 22 24 Be able to recognize the historically influential people mentioned in this section a 1930 s through 1950 s i Establishment of field and general systems 1 Important theories a Allport s Psych of the Individual b Murray s Personological system c Cattell s and Eysenck s Traits theories 2 Persons a Freud b Jung c Adler b 1960 s 1970 s i Critiques of personality psychology 1 Carlson chastised psychologists for ignoring grand theories 2 Fiske thought personality psych had reached its end 3 Showder questioned the need for psychology about individuals 4 Mischel argued that explanations of human behavior based on internal personality traits and in favor if explanations that focused on situational and cognitive social learning determinants of behavior this one is most important c 1970 s present day i Revitalization Lecture 2 8 List four ways to measure personality a Self Report Ask them b Other Report Ask their friends c Situational tests put them in a situation where they could act outgoing d Biological tests 9 Know the costs and benefits of self report data i People can lie ii There are things people don t know about themselves i There are thinks people know about themselves that no one else does 10 Understand the difference between reliability and validity i A Test is valid if it measures what it claims to measure i Degree to which measure actually represents the true level of the trait Consistency 11 List and define the three kinds of validity a Face validity test looks like its going to measure what it s supposed to measure a Costs b Benefits a Validity b Reliability Face value b Predictive criterion validity the extent to which a score on a test predicts scores on some criterion measure c Congruent Convergent validity the degree to which an operation is similar to other operations that it should also be similar to d Discriminant Validity the degree to which the operationalizations is not similar to other operationalizations that it should not be similar to 12 Define generalizability the ability to apply research done on a small group ex College students to a larger group 13 Be able to apply the two things you can say to sound smart when people talk about research this will make sense after the lecture a Correlation does not equal causation just because there is a correlation between two things it does not mean one causes the other b Maybe the relationship is curvilinear Lecture 3 14 Know the two perspectives on traits covered in lecture and be able to describe how they are different a Traits are Internal Causal Properties i Traits are internal states that have the potential to cause behavior but that doesn t mean they have to lead to behavior b Traits are Purely Descriptive Summaries i Traits describe people s tendencies to behave a certain way so no traits without the behavior as well 15 Know which characteristics are studied under Eysenck s model of personality and be able to describe each a Three traits i Extraversion Introversion E ii Neuroticism Emotional Stability N iii Psychotism 16 What are the two dimensions of the Wiggins Circumplex 17 What is the most widely accepted model for personality 18 Be able to list and apply the five personality characteristics recognized as the Big 5 a Dominant Submissive b Hostile Friendly a Five Factor Model a Extraversion b Agreeableness c Conscientiousness d Neuroticism e Openness Intellect Lecture 3 2 19 Over which two dimensions do traits change a Across time b Across situations 20 Be able to recognize examples of person x situation interactions a Different situations may lead to different behaviors for different kinds of people 21 Be able to discuss the mate guarding example discussed in class know what was manipulated what was measured and what personality trait determined how people responded in the study a Manipulation think of when you were jealous what you did yesterday b Measured attention to pictures of people c Personality trait high low chronic jealousy 22 List and define three ways that personality makes situations Lecture 4 Evolutionary Psychology 1 Know the correct answers to the in class quiz a According to current theory if an 18 year old person is cloned the clone will have some of the same memories as the original person until they reach the age of 18 FALSE Memories are NOT encoded in DNA b Charles Darwin did not know what DNA was TRUE DNA wasn t discovered until after Darwin died He knew how evolution worked but not how traits were passed from parents to offspring c According to evolutionary theory which of the following species share a common ancestor A dolphins and fish B dinosaurs and birds C people and pine trees D all of the above D all of the above All species on earth share a common ancestry We all have the same basic DNA d According to evolutionary theory which of the following people would be considered to be most successful Someone who lives to be A 20 years old and has 3 children B 30 years old and has 2 children C 50 years old and has 1 child D 80 years old and has no children Answer A Evolutionary success is measured by reproductive success e Humans are more highly evolved than chickens Trick question No
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