General Psychology Final Exam Study Guide Chapter 12 is not on the Final Exam Chapter 16 Social Psychology 1 What is social psychology What are the three main focuses of social psychology 2 What is an attribution Describe the fundamental attribution error 3 Define attitude and explain how attitudes and actions affect each other 4 Explain the foot in the door phenomenon 5 Explain the central claim of cognitive dissonance theory 6 What is conformity 7 Describe Asch s experiments on conformity and differentiate between normative and informational social influence Note factors influencing conformity 8 List factors that can increase conformity 9 What is obedience Describe Milgram s experiment on obedience and explain what this experiment teaches us or deindividuation 10 Describe conditions in which the presence of others is likely to result in social facilitation social loafing 11 What is group polarization Explain how group interaction can facilitate group polarization 12 What is prejudice and identify the three components of prejudice 13 What are the social roots of prejudice 14 Describe four ways that cognitive processes may help create and maintain prejudice 15 What are the two types of prejudice 16 Define altruism 17 What is the bystander effect Describe the steps in the decision making process taken in the bystander intervention What might prevent a bystander from assuming responsibility 18 What are the factors that increase intervention Chapters 14 15 Psychological Disorders and Therapies 1 Define a psychological disorder 2 Describe the three characteristics of a disorder 3 What is the DSM IV and what is the DSM IV is used for 4 Describe the benefits and dangers in using diagnostic labels 5 Define anxiety disorders and list three types of anxiety disorders 6 Describe the symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD 7 Describe the symptoms of panic disorder How is panic disorder different from GAD 8 Define phobias and explain the difference between fear and phobias 9 Describe the symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder 10 Discuss the contributions of the learning and biological perspectives to our understanding of the development of anxiety disorders 11 Describe the symptoms of Dissociative Disorder 12 Define mood disorders 13 Describe the symptoms of major depressive disorder 14 What are the cognitive and biological vulnerabilities associated with depression 15 Define bipolar disorder and explain the difference between depression and bipolar disorder Describe the symptoms associated with a manic episode 16 Discuss biopsychosocial influences on psychological disorders 17 Define schizophrenia and describe the symptoms of this disorder 18 Define personality disorders and antisocial personality disorder 19 What is psychotherapy 20 What is the difference between a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist 21 What is the goal of psychodynamic therapy and describe the methods and criticisms of this type of therapy in humanistic therapy 22 What is the goal of humanistic therapy a k a client centered therapy and describe the techniques used 23 What is the goal of behavior therapy and describe the techniques used in behavior therapy Describe the techniques used in exposure therapy systematic desensitization aversive conditioning and token economies 24 Describe the goals and techniques used in cognitive therapy 25 Explain how cognitive behavior therapy integrates aspects of both cognitive and behavior therapies 26 Describe the commonalities between the types of therapy listed above 27 Define psychopharmacology and describe the characteristics of antianxiety and antidepressant drugs 28 Discuss the problems with client satisfaction and therapist s perceptions regarding the effectiveness of 29 What is ECT For what disorder is ECT often an effective treatment What is a recent alternative to psychotherapy ECT Chapter 16 Social Psychology 1 Social Psychology Answers a The scientific study of how we think about influence and relate to people b Three main focuses of social psychology i Think about Social cognition ii iii Relate Social relations Influence Social influence 2 Attribution Theory a A group of theories that describe how people explain the causes of behavior b Fundamental attribution error the tendency when analyzing someone else s behavior to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional factors i Ex When someone cuts you off in traffic and you get mad at them instead of thinking about that they may be going through and the type of day they might be having in a hurry a Feelings often based on our beliefs that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects 3 Attitude people and events i Belief Feeling Action ii Example 1 If we believe someone is mean we may feel dislike for the person and act unfriendly b Actions and Attitudes affecting each other i A reciprocal relationship ii Attitudes can affect actions and actions can affect attitudes iii What we do we gradually become 1 Ex Stanford Prison Experiment iv Why might this be 1 Attitudes belief feeling action 4 Foot in the door phenomenon a A tendency for people who agree to a small action to comply later with a larger one i A trivial act makes the next act easier ii Ex Asking someone to sign a petition for their cause and then asking them to donate to their cause iii Group 1 asked to sign a petition against drunk driving asked to take a cab if drunk significantly more took a cab if drunk iv Group 2 just asked to take a cab if drink significantly fewer took a cab if drunk 5 Cognitive dissonance theory a We act to reduce the discomfort dissonance we feel when our attitudes and actions are inconsistent i Bring our attitudes in line with our actions b Psych Experiment Scenario i Enjoyable ratings higher for 1 1 2 Not 20 ii Why would enjoyment ratings be higher for 1 1 Cognitive dissonance 2 20 can reason just for money but 1 3 The people who got paid just 1 had to reason with themselves and get themselves to be more satisfied with the survey they took since they just got paid 1 6 Conformity a Adjusting behavior to fit a group standard b May be i Bad ii iii Good Indifferent 7 Conformity Asch 1950s a person hired to be part of the experiment a Confederate b You have to answer out loud which line A B or C is equal to the sample line c First two trials are unanimous d On third trial confederates all select the wrong line e Subjects went along with incorrect majority 37 of the time f Difference between Normative
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