Overview of Exam 2 A 40 Multiple Choice Questions B Should take roughly 45 minutes to complete but you have the full time and I ll stay slightly longer if need be time is not an issue C Questions will be based primarily on information in the lecture slides in class lecture For studying purposes start with this outline and the slides The readings are probably best used as a reference when something from your notes or the slides is unclear or when you want to add a bit more depth to your understanding of a concept or finding If a topic or term is not on the outline below it will NOT be on the exam I will ask you to know some of the key findings from research studies we ve discussed in the lectures D E Topic Outline for Exam2 Psychoanalytic Perspectives Ch7 Tues 2 18 Freudian Structure of the Psyche Id unconscious The unruly demanding gratification seeking instinct driven source of our psychic energy our two primary drives It s unconscious unconcerned w reality constraints unreasonable It doesn t care if mom is driving it wants love and attention NOW Today we call unconscious things like implicit or automatic It s real pleasure sexual gratification union and life self preservation Eros the love instinct earlier called the pleasure principle The drive for violence pain infliction and self destruction didn t appear in Freud s thinking until after WWI Thanatos the death instinct or aggression instinct The drive for aggression Ego Our conscious experience of our selves it is the negotiator of the demands of three tyrants Id Superego and Reality the internal world to reduce psychological tension i e anxiety or neuroses The Ego must Navigate the external world to ensure self preservation navigate Healthy personality development strives toward some Ego Ideal A self that is able to continually satisfy the demands of the 3 tyrants when this coping breaks down we see pathological behavior Superego Internalized representation of parental and societal rules norms our conscience constantly tells Ego what it should and should not be doing also unyielding inflexible unconcerned w reality constraints Ex If teachers say don t hit others but parents say protect your sister those rules may conflict Superego doesn t care it is the source of guilt Freud called it moral anxiety Defense Mechanisms Conflict between the three tyrants creates anxiety aka neuroses for the ego which is dealt with through defense mechanisms Wish Fulfillment Expressing satisfying desires through imagination fantasy Fantasy Realization Theory Sublimation Channeling desire into more socially acceptable reality appropriate avenues desire Displacement like temporary thus less permanent submlimation Projection Attributing one s own unacceptable thoughts and desires to others Ex I don t hate him he hates me Ex I m sure all she thinks about is cheating on me which makes it OK to think about cheating on her Repression Suppress deny ignore or actively forget some anxiety inducing event or Ex Blocking out a memory of an embarrassing event Less ideal because The tension isn t resolved only ignored and it can manifest in neurotic ways Free association therapy dream analysis are meant to identify repressed desires and let them play out in the therapy session transference Reaction Formation Avidly adopting or over emphasizing the OPPOSITE of an anxiety inducing desire expressing animosity toward someone when really one wants union Ex Reaction Formation Homophobia Study Adams et al 1996 Rationalization Reinterpreting and justifying our own behavior or desires in a way that make them seem more acceptable to us Coping reinterpreting negative events in ways we can live with that minimizes anxiety A powerful tool but a double edged sword It is central to Emotion Focused and patterns of behavior Ex abusive relationships avoiding responsibilities addiction It also inclines us to persist in potentially harmful and damaging relationships Theorized sources and treatments for psychological disorders Psychoanalysis Anxiety caused by conflicts between 3 Tyrants Mental Illness arises when coping strategies defense mechanisms break down Ex Thanatos has no satisfying outlet and thus turns self destructive Goal of Therapy When coping stops working help the patient bring unconscious conflicts to conscious awareness in order to work through them together via transference Humanism Still caused by conflict but not Tyrants Ego conflict Conflict Denial and distortion of one s genuine feelings and desires usually because one believes others disapprove Carl Rogers called this Conditional regard from others I ll love accept you but only if you are a certain way Ex Gender norm expectations Roger s own repressive childhood Further caused by having no genuine sense of purpose or meaning Ex Victor Frankl logotherapy Humanistic View Ch 7 Tues 2 25 Humanists Theorized sources and treatments for psychological disorders Primary Goal Restore trust in our own desires perception of reality and operated on the assumption that people are fundamentally good Therapist must offer Empathic Understanding Unconditional Positive Regard to help the client achieve self understanding and self acceptance Help to facilitate self actualization an inherent tendency of the organism to develop all its capacities in ways which serve to maintain or enhance the person Rogers 1959 p 196 Its about being authentic compassionate to self and others striving The client must identify their own needs meaning non directive Leads to the and how does that make you feel stereotype of therapy Carl Rogers Theory Conditional vs unconditional positive regard Conditional I ll love accept you but only if you are a certain way Unconditional Showing complete support and acceptance of a person no matter what that person says or does Maslow s Theory Self actualization can only be worked toward once more basic needs are met Hierarchy of Needs theory of prepotent needs Jonah Complex self handicapping Self Actualization can be inhibited by the Jonah Complex a fear of success we Fear the loss of control we Fear the attention scrutiny of others we Fear letting others down if we fail ready made excuse Ex Going out instead of studying I could have if only Can lead to Self Handicapping Setting oneself up for failure so that there is a Self Determination Theory 3 basic needs must be satisfied to foster psychological health Relatedness The universal want to interact be connected to and experience caring for others also called
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