Personality Psychology Exam 2 Chapter 7 Analytic Perspective Sigmund Freud and his metaphors o Born 1856 Vienna Died 1939 England o Trained as a physician a researcher nervous system First mentioned psychoanalysis in 1895 age 41 14 years AFTER medical school o Collected works span 24 volumes o On the Goals of Psychotherapy and Happiness I do not doubt that it would be easier for fate to take away your suffering than it would for me But you will see for yourself that much has been gained if we succeed in turning your hysterical misery onto common unhappiness 1895 Studies in Hysteria o On Love and Peace It is always possible to bind together a considerable number of people in love so long as there are other people left over to receive manifestations of their aggressiveness 1929 Civilization and its Discontents o On Being the Masters of our own Fate Desires Motives One might compare the relation of the ego to the id with that between a rider his horse All too often in the relations between the ego and the id we find a picture of the less ideal situation in which the rider is obliged to guide his horse in the direction in which itself wants to go 1932 New Lectures on Psychoanalysis o The Freudian Psyche The Id The unruly demanding gratification seeking instinct driven source of our psychic energy our 2 primary drives Eros the love instinct earlier called the pleasure principle o The drive for pleasure sexual gratification union life self preservation Thanatos the death instinct or aggression instinct o The drive for aggression violence pain infliction self destruction o Didn t appear in Freud s thinking until after WWI Its unconscious unconcerned with reality constraints unreasonable It doesn t care if mom is driving it wants love and attention NOW Today we call unconscious things like implicit or automatic It s real o The Freudian Psyche The Superego Internalized representation of parental societal rules norms Our conscience Constantly tells Ego what it should should not be doing Also unyielding inflexible unconcerned with reality constraint Ex if teachers say don t hit others but parents say protect your sister those rules may conflict Superego doesn t care It s the source of guilt Freud called it moral anxiety o The Freudian Psyche The Ego Our conscious experience of our selves It s the negotiator of the demands of 3 tyrants Id Superego Reality The Ego must Navigate the external world to ensure self preservation Navigate the internal world to reduce psychological tension o i e anxiety or neuroses healthy personality development strives toward some Ego Ideal a self that is able to continually satisfy the demands of the 3 tyrants when this coping breaks down we see pathological behavior o The Role of Defense Mechanisms Conflict between the 3 tyrants creates anxiety for the Ego which is dealt with through defense mechanisms We are sometimes able to deal with this anxiety conflict in healthy ways Wish Fulfillment fantasy o Expressing satisfying desires through imagination o Ex Dreams paintings myths stories daydreams all express potentially satisfy unconscious desires o Ex Louis C K s story about flying first class o Ex Fantasy Realization Theory and Dieting Oettingen 2001 Sublimation o Channeling desire into more socially acceptable reality appropriate avenues o Ex Sports sublimate Thanatos friends lovers pets Less Ideal Defense Mechanisms sublimate Eros The prior defense mechanisms do a more permanent job of satisfying the3 tyrants Others do a more temporary job which leads to tension build up neurosis Repression o Suppress deny ignore or actively forget some anxiety inducing event or desire o Ex Blocking out a memory of an embarrassing event Why less ideal o The tension isn t resolved only ignored it can manifest in neurotic ways o Free association identify repressed desires let them play out in the therapy session transference therapy dream analysis are meant to o Attributing one s own unacceptable thoughts desires to Projection others Reaction Formation o Avidly adopting or over emphasizing the OPPOSITE of an anxiety inducing desire o Expressing animosity toward someone when really one wants union Displacement accessible object other Rationalization o Temporary shifting the impulse to a more appropriate or o Reinterpreting justifying our own behavior or desires in a way that make them seem more acceptable to us o It s a powerful tool but a double edged sword It s central to Emotion Focused Coping Reinterpreting negative events in ways we can live with that minimizes anxiety It also inclines us to persist in potentially harmful damaging relationships patterns of behavior
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