FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE deliberate practice this form of practice involves the learner being provided with informative feedback and having the opportunity to correct his her errors how many hours and how many years are typically needed to perform at elite 10 000 hours 10 years levels DSM axis 1 clinical syndrome schizophrenia depression anxiety bipolar axis 2 personality disorders the people do not know they have a problem boarder line personality disorder Axis 3 medical problems diabetes cancer Axis 4 social or environmental stressors Axis 5 GSF in DSM form general anxiety disorder persistent anxiety for at least six months and unable to specify reason why 1 2 3 4 5 Agoraphobia associated with panic attack Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape may be difficult or embarrassing or in which help may not be available if needed Situations are avoided or endured with anxiety about having a panic attack there is no distinct situational trigger for the panic attack and the person does not unexpected panic attack know when another one will occur situational bound or cued panic attack experiencing a panic attack in anticipation of confronting a particular situation or immediately following exposure to a specific stimulus or cue in the environment ex every time Jonathan hears an ambulance siren he begins to experience the symptoms of a panic attack Situationally predisposed panic attack not have one every time Post Traumatic Stress Disorder the individual has the tendency to have a panic attack in a certain situation but does 6 7 8 9 anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms such as flashbacks and recurrent thoughts of psychologically distressing event outside the normal range of experience phobia object or situation an anxiety disorder marked by persistent irrational fear and avoidance of a specific Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder An anxious fearful disorder involving preoccupation with orderliness perfectionism control Different from OCD in that those with personality disorder do NOT have obsessions or compulsions Rules morality hoarding indecisiveness etc low norepinephrine and serotonin levels Depression Schizophrenia is linked to excess levels of the neurotransmitter DOPAMINE 10 11 12 13 disorder where the person has delusions and believes to play roles normally epic ones as in Jesus a sensory perception without external stimulation of the relevant sensory organ hallucinations delusions beliefs that are contrary to reality can involve control grandeur persecution Delusions of persecution Belief that others are hostile or trying to harm the individual Delusions of reference A person s belief that he or she is always the center of attention or that all happenings revolve about himself or herself for instance that others are always whispering behind his or her back Delusions of grandeur really are Delusion that you are much greater and more powerful and influential than you 14 15 16 17 18 19 Somatic Delusions disease word salad neologisms Person has an irrational belief that he or she has some physical defect disorder or a collection of words that are mixed up in sentences with no real meaning new word or condensed ombination of several words coined by a person to express a highly complex idea seen in schizophrenia Schizophrenia POSITIVE SYMPTOMS Hallucinations sensory perception that occurs in absence of external stimulus usually auditory Delusions strongly held fixed belief that has no basis in reality grandiose increased power paranoid suspicious 50 70 have hallucinations delusions or both 20 21 22 23 Schizophrenia NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS Social withdrawal Blunted affect lack of emotional reactivity Cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia Difficulty with attention memory information processing cognitive flexibility systematic delusions with persecutory grandiose content frequently auditory image of a mental person incoherent speech hallucinations delusions and bizarra executive functions paranoid subtype hallucinations Subtype Disorganized behavior Catatonic Subtype unusual motor activity stuperous and or excited 24 25 26 27 of the two stuperous is more common Undifferentiated Subtype Involves a mixture of symptoms that do not clearly match the other subtypes Given when positive and disorganized symptoms have subsided but the negative Residual Subtype symptoms persist abnormal psychology the scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to describe predict explain and change abnormal patterns of functioning Why is context so important in abnormal psychology It is needed to determine whether the behavior should be happening understand and explain the behavior and demographics can be extremely important for which behaviors are more prevalent where 32 what are three things that have to be present to diagnose a schytsophrinic disorder disorder thoughts delusions and hallucinations 28 29 30 31 33 34 35 What version of DSM is being used DSM4 DSM Versions 1 2 disorders 1950s 2 6 disorders 1960s 3 10 disorders 1980s 4 42 disorders 1990s How do we Diagnose Psychological Disorders Identify of the nature of a disorder using clinical interviews SCID structured clinical interview for DSM IV using your observations of the patient s behaviors Assign a patient s symptoms to a specific classification May suggest possible causes cause over time and treatments Base diagnoses on information about the patient obtained through Interviews Observations this shows how psychology is now using the medical model diagnose and then Tests Past history treat What are the Axis of the DSM 4 1 Is a clinical syndrome present 2 Is a personality disorder or mental retardation present 3 Is a general med condition present 4 Are psychosocial or environ probs also present 5 What is the global assessment of this person s functioning DSM Axes 1 clinical disorders 2 personality disorders mental retardation 3 general medical conditions 4 psychosocial and enviornmental 5 global assessment of functioning 36 37 38 Example of Axes 1 clinical disorders of DSM ADHD eating disorders sexual disorders schizophrenia example of axes 2 personality disorders of DSM borderline personality disorder dyslexia mild MR example of axes 3 general medical conditions of DSM hypertension diabetes Example of axes 4 psychoanalysis and environmental problems of DSM school functioning parents divorce runaway example of axes 5 Global assessment of functioning score of DSM current level vs 6 months ago or past level functioning
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