Psychological Disorders Abnormal Psychology DSM IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Major Domains of Information only really need to know first two Explains symptoms of disorders not causes Provides a reliable measure for diagnosticians o Axis I Clinical Disorders and Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Attention Principle disorder that needs immediate attention i e Major depressive episode exacerbation of sz flare up of a panic disorder Brings the person through the office door Substance disorders eating disorders sexual disorders sleep disorders Sz mood disorders etc o Axis II Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation Personality disorders a collection of traits o Axis III General Medical Conditions o Axis IV Psychosocial and Environmental Problems o Axis V Global Assessment of Functioning Qualifications Six months of anxiety and worry Inability to control worry Cannot get rid of their anxiety even if they wanted to Six months with 3 symptoms Restlessness Constant fatigue Distraction Muscle Tension Irritable Sleep problems falling staying asleep restless unsatisfying sleep Pervasive not confined to features of an Axis I disorder General Anxiety Disorder excessive uncontrollable and often irrational worry about everyday things that is disproportionate to the actual source of worry About 3 of population Spend about 60 of day worrying compared to 16 of normal population Feel irritable on edge have trouble sleeping considerable body tension fatigue 1 3rd suffering develop it following a stressful life event More likely in female than male Panic Attack with agoraphobia being unable to escape the situation Panic Attack Unexpected Situational Situationally predisposed Unexpected the disorder comes out of the blue without warning and for no discernable reason Situational situations in which an individual always has an attack Frequently occurs with panic attacks i e upon entering a tunnel Situationally Predisposed situations in which an individual is likely to have a panic attack but doesn t always i e an individual who sometimes has attacks while driving Panic Disorder when an individual suffers at least two unexpected panic attacks followed by at least 1 months of having concern of another o o o o o o o o Also prone to situationally predisposed attacks o Frequency and severity varies Repeated attacks for weeks random short severe attacks etc Post Traumatic Stress Disorder i e combat fatigue WWI or shell shock Characterized by o Experienced threat death or serious injury and response involved intense reaction o Trauma experienced Reliving the experience Psychological and physiological reaction to cues Increased arousal o Avoidance of stimuli o o More than 1 month o Disrupts functioning Function of 3 areas of the brain may have been altered Prefrontal cortex fear o o Amygdala threat detection o Hippocampus memories flashbacks Acute or chronic Persistent excessive or unreasonable fear in response to a cue flying heights injections SPIDERS etc Agoraphobia fear that you won t be able to escape any given situation WILL ASK ON EXAM Acrophobia fear of heights Vertigo the movie Delayed onset Who can get it o Anyone who was a victim Survivors of violent acts o o Car accidents disasters o Combat veterans o o Child abuse victims People that experienced a death Phobia According to DSM IV o o Exposure to cue creates anxiety response to attack Personal recognition of unreasonable nature of fear o o Avoids fear at all costs o Types Interferes with normal functioning o Animal Arachnophobia fear of spiders ugh o Natural world storms water etc o Blood injection o Situational planes small spaces o Other illness choking sounds etc Coulrophobia fear of clowns Obsessive Compulsive Disorder axis I anxiety disorder Obsessions o Thoughts impulses images o Exceeds real life problems o Attempts of suppression o Rec the personal construction of obsessions o Ex Concern with evenness of exactness Persistent fear of getting sick Fear of blurting out obscenities Hoarding o Repetitive behaviors o Aim to prevent or reduce stress of a situation o Ex Washing hands repetitively Repeating ABC 123 in your head Excessive showering Compulsions At some point the person recognizes the O C s are excessive or unreasonable o Does not apply to children Marked distress indicates that OCD symptoms hinder the person s ability to live a normal life Social situations relationships effected by symptoms o o Normal routine Could take an hour to fold that one towel in the perfect way o School work Several theories about cause none confirmed o 20 of OCD patients have tics so linked to Tourette syndrome but link unclear Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale YBOCS can help diagnose OCD and track progress If another Axis I disorder is present the content of the OC s is not restricted to it o Eating disorders often associated with obsession of food o Substance abuse is often associated with preoccupation with drugs Axis I V of the DSM Major Domains of Information only really need to know first two o Axis I Clinical Disorders and Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Attention Principle disorder that needs immediate attention i e Major depressive episode exacerbation of sz flare up of a panic disorder Brings the person through the office door Substance disorders eating disorders sexual disorders sleep disorders Sz mood disorders etc o Axis II Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation Personality disorders a collection of traits o Axis III General Medical Conditions o Axis IV Psychosocial and Environmental Problems o Axis V Global Assessment of Functioning Depression Depressive Episode o Mood affect o Behavioral Depressed mood decreased interest or pleasure o Cognitive Sleep disturbance Weight change or appetite disturbance Loss of energy Psychomotor changes Worthlessness or inappropriate guilt Concentration difficulties or indecision Thoughts of death or suicide Major Depressive Disorder MDD distress impairment for at least two weeks Most prevalent in adolescents and adults o Women o Men 5 9 point prev 10 25 lifetime risk 2 3 point prev 5 12 lifetime risk Treatment o Cognitive Behavioral Therapy CBT problem focused and action oriented Therapist tries to assist the client in selecting specific strategies to help address those problems o Trans Magnetic Stimulation TMS creates electric currents that stimulate nerve cells in the region of your brain involved with mood control and depression Used as secondary last
View Full Document
Unlocking...