General Psychology Exam 3 Study Guide Chapter 5 Life Span Development occur 1 What is developmental psychology Studies physical cognitive and social changes across the life span 2 Be familiar with the major milestones of infant motor development and when they Rolling over 2 to 5 months Sitting up 5 to 8 months Standing pulling self up 6 to 10 months Standing alone 10 to 14 months Walking 11 to 14 months 3 Know the 4 stages of development of Piaget s stages of cognitive development sensorimotor preoperational concrete operational and formal operational a Know the order in which these stages occur as well as what occurs During each of the stages Stages of Cognitive Development o Sensory motor stage 0 2 years The infant explores the world through direct sensory and motor contact Object permanence and separation anxiety develop during this stage Stranger anxiety This is why pee ka boo is so fun for babies because they think you have actually disappeared o Preoperational 2 6 years The child uses symbols words and images to represent objects but does not reason logically The child also has the ability to pretend During this stage the child is egocentric Egocentrism the world revolves around the child They are unable to see the world from other people s perspectives Example terrible two s tell me what I see from my perspective of the volcano diorama Lack logical reasoning Which glass has more juice the tall glass or the wide glass Etc Lack concept of conservation Theory of mind begins The understanding that others have beliefs desires and intentions that are different from one s own Typically develops between the age of 3 and 5 years o Concrete Operational 7 12 years The child can think logically about concrete objects and can thus add and subtract can make if then statements The child also understands conservation o Formal operational 12 years old adult The adolescent can reason abstractly and think in hypothetical terms Think about love freedom etc Develop morals Not just because mom said so 4 Know the two ways in which we use schemas assimilation and accommodation Making sense of the world o Schema Concept that organizes and interprets information How we use schemas Assimilation Accommodation Baby thinks that all animals with four legs are dogs until you tell them otherwise and they store the new information 5 What is attachment Emotional tie with another person 6 What are the three types of parenting styles Parenting styles o High Control high Acceptance Authoritative BEST Set high goals but are responsive to their needs Willing to negotiate Have consequences for good and bad behavior o High acceptance low control Permissive o Low acceptance low control Neglectful Make few or no demands or limits Allow children to freely express themselves Indulge their children Meet basic needs Not involved or supportive Don t help with homework minimal supervision spend little time o Low acceptance high control Authoritarian Rely on punishment to control behavior Do as I say Somewhat emotionally distant and rejecting 7 What is self regulation and why is having good self regulation important Allow children to manage monitor record and or assess behavior Why is self regulation important o Poor self regulation may lead to Academic failure Future diagnosis of ADHD Behavior problems 8 Adolescence begins with what milestone Adolescence begins at puberty o Girls age 11 boys age 13 9 Be familiar with Erikson s stages of psychosocial development While I do not expect you to memorize each one I do want you to be familiar with the stages that occur from adolescence through late adulthood QuickTime and a decompressor are needed to see this picture 10 What is self concept and how does one acquire a self concept What is self concept o Organized collection of beliefs about oneself answer to the question who am I How do you acquire self concept o Social interactions with others Self concept becomes a framework that influences how we process info 11 Be familiar with the developmental changes of self concept Early childhood o External more than internal When asked who are you They may answer something like I can count I know my ABCs I have brown hair and I can tie my shoes these are all external characteristics They wont describe internal characteristics like I am a good friend I am smart etc Ideal vs Actual selves I am never scared they say this because they don t want to be scared but they really are Private self Secrets and lies mom and dad don t need to know everything and I can keep things from them or lie to them Middle late childhood Shift from external to internal I am shy I am funny I am smart Social comparison Children look to similar others to see how they fit in Children face certain realities I am not the fastest I am Adolescence not the prettiest Abstract thinking about self Who am I really Self consciousness Spotlight effect feels like you are center stage All eyes are on you Reminder girls who develop early and boys who develop late have the hardest time with this Ever changing self you are trying out different things because you are not sure who you are yet Concept of possible self who will I be in the future What are my possibilities for identity later on 12 What is identity What is social identity Identity our sense of self according to Erikson the adolescent s task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles Social identity the we aspect of self concept the part of our answer to who am I that comes from our group memberships 13 What is intimacy And how and when does it develop Intimacy the ability to form close loving relationships a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood Conventional morality 14 Describe Kohlberg s Stages of Moral Development Preconventional morality before age 9 most children s morality focuses on self interest they obey rules either to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards by early adolescence morality focuses on caring for others and on upholding laws and social rules simply because they are the laws and rules people may reach a third moral level Actions are judged right because they flow from people s rights or from self defined basic ethical principles with the abstract reasoning of formal operational thought Post conventional morality 15 Know how memory changes with age How does memory change as we age o It depends on the type of test Recall number of words decline with age Recognition number of words
View Full Document
Unlocking...