Study Guide for Exam 3 General Psychology Instructions Key concepts and ideas will be listed below This will cover the majority of the material that you will be tested on Most of this material will have been covered in lecture Material from the book may also appear on the exam However understand that this study guide may not contain every concept that you ll need to know for the exam and it will be necessary to review the readings and your notes CH 13 Personality Psychoanalysis developed by Bruer and Anna O Freud jumped on their research team He began with the mindset that every physical ailment had a physical cause but after a few patients realized some of these patients mostly middle aged women had mental causes to the physical ailments o Conflicts between conscious and unconscious repressed material can result in mental disturbances such as neurosis neurotic Basic tenets of psychoanalysis o A person s development is mainly determined by events in early childhood o Behavior cognition and experience are largely determined by irrational drives Those drives are largely unconscious traits anxiety depression Etc The Unconscious Mind o Conscious is your current awareness o Preconscious are the things immediately below consciousness that are retrievable o Unconscious is what is not typically available w o some type of retrieval What freud says is driving personality Most are negative influences and typically sexual 3 assumptions of psychoanalysis o Psychic Determinism all psychological events have a cause Actions are not free We are at the whim of inner forces o Symbolic Meaning o Unconscious Motivation Id Ego Superego Freud s theory Id The impulse everything has an underlying meaning the majority of motivation lies beneath the surface o I want it NOW Impulses Things we want to do o The energetic one o ADHD student lots of ID Cannot control ID Super ego Morality The parent role o NO Think about morals Think about societal standards Think about how you ll be judged o Consequences of behavior o Complete opposite of Id Coexistence of Id and super ego will be difficult to work together Ego The decision maker the mediator o Mediator of Id and Superego o How do we want ourselves to be seen and thought of by other people o Does the best it can with Id to be able to fulfill desires and impulses but still be thought well upon and thought positively by others Id Ego Superego Freud s Personality Structure personality develops as a result of our efforts to resolve conflicts between id and superego Free Association Freud s from Breuer s hypnotic method A means of tapping into the unconscious by leading what the person is saying he thought that he could get from the associated comment into the unconscious Patients are invited to relate whatever comes into their minds during the analytic session No censorship of thoughts Helps a patient learn more about what they think feel with no judgment and with curiosity acceptance Breaks down the barrier of the unconscious and conscious mind Stages of psychosexual development Stage Oral 0 18 months Anal 18 36 months Phallic 3 6 years Focus Pleasure centers on the mouth sucking biting chewing Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination coping with demands for control Pleasure zone is the genitals coping with incestuous sexual feelings Latency 6 to puberty Dormant sexual feelings Genital puberty on Maturation of sexual interests At each stage we focus on the dev Of certain erogenous something Example Nipple sucking associating with cigarettes Toilet training associated with being obsessed with control Coping with incest feelings and fixation is sexual fixation Sex crazy takes a break Sexually becoming mature and interacting sexually o Oral mouth o Anal bodily functions Early dev Is motivated by getting the stimulation for these areas in certain stages o Phalic and person is concerned about genitals o Every given stage has its sexual issues to resolve and later in life this is ultimately the stuff that s getting stuffed down into unconscious and motivating behavior Freud really thought that this population people of hysteria hysterectomy was very sexually repressed and had sexual feelings and desires and that because of the culture and women they couldn t get these out Desires really repressed and to a large degree the reason a lot of these physical ailments were happening All the pent up stuff is at the root of these pathological behaviors Neo Freudians the escape from sexuality as driving force Increased optimism about life and personality change o Freud wrote that the goal of psychoanalysis is to turn neurotic misery into ordinary everyday happiness Alfred Adler Erik Erikson Karen Horney Carl Jung Alfred Adler Crippled as a child Agreed with Freud about childhood tensions BUT Deviated from sexual explanations and focused more on social tensions in childhood instead o A child struggles with an inferiority during growth and strives for superiority and power Striving for superiority inferiority complex Karen Horney Rejected the sexual drives of personality in favor of a social tension view for personality formation like Alder o Childhood anxiety is caused by the child s helplessness triggered our desire for love and security Discussed gender issues o Women s sense of inferiority because of dependence on men o Pioneer in the discipline of feminine psychiatry o Feminine Psychology Her papers between 1922 and 1937 She felt cultures and societies worldwide encouraged women to be dependent of men for love care wealth etc Women typically only gain value through her children and the wider family Men and Women s motive to be ingenious and productive Women through becoming pregnant and giving birth Men through work or some other field bc they cannot give birth Self awareness is a part of becoming a better stronger richer human being very important Erik Erikson Agreed with Freud s unconscious mind but said there is more than the repressed thoughts and feelings and sexual drives Psychosocial Development Age Infancy 0 1 year Early Childhood 1 3 Conflict Basic trust vs mistrust Autonomy vs shame Erikson s Stage Theory Resolution or Virtue Play Age 3 6 years School age 6 12 years Initiative vs Guilt Industry cs Inferiority Purpose Competence Adolescence 12 19 years Identity vs confusion Early Adulthood 20 25 years Intimacy vs Isolation Hope Will Fidelity Love Culmination in Old Age Appreciation of interdependence and relatedness Acceptance of the cycle of life from
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