Exam 3 Final Learning Objectives a Refer to how you feel right now They are generally caused by a situation Lecture 9 Emotion and Personality 1 Know the difference between states and traits I States temporary transitory II Traits patterns of behavior a Caused by what s inside the individual 2 Know the two main ways that personality can effect emotions I Differences in content which emotions people experience a Fear vs excitement II Differences in style the Intensity of someone s emotions a How easily a person s emotions can be elicited 3 What are the two ways to define happiness Judgment that life is satisfying I II More positive than negative 4 Be able to recognize items from the satisfaction with life scale and the affect intensity measure I Happiness scores and life satisfaction scores correlate positively with positive life outcomes a Positive causality II Affect intensity measure how strongly someone is affected by and shows emotions a High affect intensity people feel emotions very intensely 1 They are emotionally reactive and very variable b Low affect intensity people feel emotions very mildly 1 They have gradual fluctuations and minor reactions 5 Know how happiness relates to positive life outcomes I A reciprocal relationship a People in positive environments with positive outcomes are happy but happy people also influence positive outcomes The relationship is cyclical 6 Know the relationship between happiness and the variables covered in class personality traits social desirability responses to mood inductions I Happy people personalities less abusive and hostile a More willing to help more creative energetic forgiving and trusting II Happiness Social Desirability happy people will believe more positive things about themselves than unhappy people a Positive illusions inflated view of self as good desirable etc III Mood Induction experiment measure personality and then induct mood usually by asking the subject to write about a specific time they felt a specific emotion a Results 1 People high in extraversion positive response to stimuli 2 People high in neuroticism negative response to stimuli b The relationship is NOT extra introversion it s extraversion VS neuroticism 7 Be able to recognize examples of high and low affect intensity I High affect intensity feel emotions very strongly a Emotionally reactive variable II Low affect intensity people feel emotions very mildly a Gradual emotional fluctuations and minor reactions 8 What is the relationship between neuroticism and negative emotions I Link between neuroticism and more self reported health problems a Not a reciprocal relationship 1 Proof that it s true major diseases aren t correlated with neuroticism and you d think that people with major diseases as opposed to just sickness would have higher neuroticism II The relationship neuroticism health problems a But not the other way around NOT reciprocal 9 Know the results of the Pennebaker studies broadly which group has better health I People were told to write for four days about either a very traumatic experience or about something II The people who wrote about a traumatic experience had better health 6 months later than those who inconsequential wrote about the trivial events 10 Know under which conditions writing about a negative event leads to more positive outcomes I Have to be severely traumatic events II Have to be written or spoken about can t just be ruminated about in your own head III The story has to be well written and express negative emotion IV Telling positive stories can lead to more positive outcomes only if telling writing stories about peak experiences ie having a baby getting a promotion you ve worked super hard for etc 11 WHAT motivates behavior according to Tomkins I Affect the emotions a Emotions amplify drives by giving them motivational power II Tomkins believes our lives go by a life script our life is like a movie that we act out 12 Be able to recognize examples of commitment and nuclear scripts I Commitment script shows in investment in some type of change II Nuclear script shows a confusion about goals where a positive scene turns bad 13 Know what life story complexity correlates with I Complexity relates to openness more complex more open 14 Know the results of the study on listeners vs tellers of major life events I The study brought participants in with a friend and the friend s instruction was either to count the number of words that begin with th or listen carefully Weeks later the teller s memory of the story was measured II If listener listened attentively teller remembered more because he felt like it was more important III If listener only paid attention to th teller remembered less because he like it was less important 15 Be able to define and recognize examples of redemption and contamination sequences I Redemption sequence the person depicts a transformation from a bad affectively negative scene to II Contamination sequence the person depicts a transformation from a good to a bad scene the a good affectively positive scene scene good is spoiled contaminated 16 Know how redemption and contamination sequences predict life satisfaction self esteem and depression I Contamination predicts lower satisfaction self esteem more depression II Redemption predicts higher satisfaction Lecture 10 Disorders of personality 17 What is medical student syndrome I Studying diseases make you think you and those around you are sick a All of these are exaggerations of normal variance behavior II Feeling like that kind of sounds like me after learning about something 18 What are the common features across disorders I Lack of stability consistency in self concept lacking a core identity II Impaired social relations no friends lonely can t function at your job etc 19 How do we define psychological disorder I A pattern of distressing behaviors experiences a The person themselves has to feel like they have a problem II Must cause some disability or impairment to be viewed as a disorder a Example can t hold onto a job can t make friends etc III Must be some sign of risk for a Further suffering b Loss of function c Death d Going to jail 20 How are the statistical and social definitions of abnormality different I Statistical whatever is rare infrequent not statistically normal II Social whatever society doesn t tolerate whatever s socially unacceptable III Psychological disorganized thoughts disruptive perceptions or unusual beliefs in attitudes ways in
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