PPE 3003 1st Edition Lecture 20 Outline of Last Lecture I Sex versus Gender II Issues Regarding Sex Differences III Sex Difference Research IV Stereotypes about Sex Differences V Observed Sex Differences VI Possible Reasons for Sex Difference Outline of Current Lecture I Culture and Personality II Evoked Culture III Transmitted Culture IV Culture Universals Current Lecture A Culture and Personality a Three approaches to culture in personality psychology i Evoked culture ii Transmitted culture iii Cultural universals B Evoked Culture a Two factors involved i Environmental differences ii Underlying psychological mechanism that responds to the environmental condition b Cooperation i High variance food source leads to high cooperation 1 Ex Hunting ii Low variance food source leads to low cooperation 1 Ex Gathering c Culture of Honor i Herding leads to a high possibility of theft which in turn leads to an advantage to building a reputation as ruthless 1 More likely to result to violence and aggression to show others to not insult you and not to steal ii Growing crops has a low possibility of theft and leads to less of a need to appear ruthless d Mating Strategies i Unstable childhood environments can create a fast mating strategy 1 Evidence in children of divorced families a More likely to have more short term partners and begin at a younger age ii Stable childhood environment results in a slow mating strategy 1 China expects long lasting marriages divorce is rare and parents invest a lot of time and commitment in kids C Transmitted Culture a Morality b Individualism versus Collectivism i Cross cultural differences in the 20 statements test D Cultural Universals a Sex differences i Cross cultural agreement about what characteristics are generally male and female b Emotions i Cross cultural recognition of basic facial expressions c Five Factor Model i Large degree of cross cultural similarity 1 Not with the fifth factor though Neuroticism
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