PPE 3003 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture I II III IV V VI VII VIII Three Components of Emotions Emotions are Functional Two Approaches to Studying Emotions Emotions and Personality Pleasant Emotions Happiness Negative Emotions Anxiety Negative Emotions Depression Negative Emotions Anger Outline of Current Lecture I Three Components of the Self II Self Concept Development III Self Concept Possible Selves IV Self Esteem V Positive Side of High Self Esteem VI Negative Side of High Self Esteem VII Social Identity VIII Identity Crisis Current Lecture A Three Components of Self a Self Concept i Who am I ii Your understanding of yourself iii Sense of self is out anchor iv High school and college may be a difficult time b Self Esteem i Am I good or bad ii How you feel about who you are c Social Identity i Who am I in relation to others ii How you present yourself to others iii Sometimes social identity does not match our self concept and the selves we present to others are not the selves we know our selves to truly be leading some of us to feel fake or phony in our relationships iv Relatively enduring B Self concept Development a Begins with physical aspects of the self i Self recognition mirror test 1 Occurs at about 18 months 2 Self recognition is an important developmental achievement that allows the child to advance to more complex manifestations of self awareness such as pretend play and using personal pronouns ii Then in terms of skills and relationships 1 Usually begins at 5 or 6 when children begin to go to school 2 Social comparison a Evaluating one to others in terms of comparison with a reference group 3 Familial relationships a Private self concept emerges and realize they can keep things private and secret from Mommy and Daddy b Can be in form of imaginary friend iii Then in terms of personality and more abstract concepts 1 Beliefs and motives a Adolescence b Based on abstract ideas versus concrete characteristics iv Perspective Taking 1 Ability to take the perspective of others or to see oneself as others do to step outside of oneself and imagine how one appears to other people 2 Leads to self awareness which in turn leads to evaluation apprehension 3 Teens might go through period of extreme self consciousness focusing majority of their energy on how they appear to other people C Self Concept Possible Selves a Possible Selves i Describes the many ideas people have about who they might become who they hope to become or who they fear they will become b Ideal Self i What you want to be ii Built on one s own desires are goals c Ought Self i What you think others want you to be ii Built on what people take on as their responsibilities and commitments to others D Self Esteem E F G H a General evaluation of oneself the positive and negatives b Sum of positive and negative reaction to all of the aspects of your self concept c State versus trait i Average level and fluctuations from that level d Global versus specific i Overall evaluation and evaluation in certain domains e Acts as a sociometer i Self esteem is a rough gauge of perceived belongingness ii The meter is not always well calibrated Positive Side of High Self Esteem a Associated with persistence in the face of failure i People easily accept feedback that is consistent with their self concept ii High self esteem 1 Fear or NOT succeeding iii Low self esteem 1 Fear of failure b High is associated with coping with failure i Relying on self complexity to buffer against failure in one area of life c Low is associated with self handicapping i Fear of failure leads to the preparation for failure 1 Failure on one s own terms 2 Lessens the anticipated blow Negative Side of High Self Esteem a Not all it is cracked up to be i Not associated with positive ratings of the self from others 1 Seems too cocky and into your self annoying to others ii Does not lead to academic or job success iii Does not prevent people form drug and or alcohol abuse iv Threatened egotism 1 When high self esteem s greatness is questioned then hostility can be the consequence Social Identity a Two features i Continuity 1 Identity is relatively stable across time and situations ii Contrast 1 Identity differentiates you form other people Identity Crisis a Identity deficit i Lack of identity ii Occurs in teenaged years when searching for the right identity b Identity conflict i Incompatibility between multiple aspects of oneself
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