PSY2012 Study Guide Key Terms Conscious Includes everything that is inside of our awareness part where we can think and talk about in a rational wayUnconscious Preconscious Chapter 13 Freud The Psychodynamic Approach Readings 554 559 According to Freud A reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts wishes feelings and memories According to contemporary psychologists information processing of which we are unaware According to Freud the preconscious mind is part of the conscious mind and includes our memory These memories are not conscious but we can retrieve them to conscious awareness at any time Psychodynamic School of thought that emphasized the role of childhood experience and the unconscious mind Id Ego Superego Defense Mechanism Personality derives from these three elements they work together to create complex human behaviors The ego has developed a number of defense mechanisms to cope with anxiety Although we may knowingly use these mechanisms in many cases these defenses work unconsciously to distort reality Concepts o o 1 How did Freud describe the structure of personality What were the three main components Freud believed that human personality rised from a conflict between impulse and restraint seeking biological urges and out internalized social controls over these urges Three main components of personality Fights for unconscious desires The ID a b Driven by the pleasure principle which is immediate gratification c Not concerned with what society says is acceptable 1 2 The EGO a b Driven by the reality principle Conscious self i You want to have sex with your mom the id your internalized rules say its wrong superego so you find a girl that looks like your mom ego Finds acceptable ways to meet the demand of the ID c d Contains our pertly conscious perceptions thoughts judgments and memories 3 The SUPEREGO a b The voice of our moral compass conscience that forces the EGO to consider not only the real but the ideal It is how we are supposed to behave i Like the angel on your shoulder c Internalized rules parents telling you that hitting your sister is not allowed 2 Know Freud s psychosexual stages the erogenous zones associated with each and what could occur if one were to become fixated at each Freud s Psychosexual Stages Focus erogenous zones Stage Oral 0 18 months Anal 18 36 months Phallic 3 6 years Latency 6 to puberty Genital puberty on Pleasure centers on the mouth sucking biting chewing immediate gratification Important that kids learn you cannot always have what you want3 Ex Breast feeding Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination coping with demands for control Control of your own body Ex Potty training Pleasure zone is the genitals coping with incestuous sexual feelings Kids touching themselves Oedipus Complex a boy s sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealously towards his father Dormant sexual feelings Nothing really happens here Maturation of sexual interests Sexual energy shifts to where it is supposed to be No fixation on prior stages 3 What was the role of Freud s defense mechanisms Repression keeping anxiety arousing wishes from consciousness key on this is the goal for all of them Regression allows us to retreat to an earlier stage of development ex thumb sucking Projection attributes threating impulses to others Rationalization generate self justifying explanations Displacement diverting sexual or aggressive impulses ex you want to punch your boss but you kick your dog instead Denial rejecting events as fact or denying seriousness 4 What is the big question relating to Freud s conception of the structure of personality Whether or not these unconscious processes conflicts can be assessed in a reliable or valid o o o o o o o way Chapter 13 Personality Readings 564 584 Key Terms Thematic Apperception Test TAT A projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes Hierarchy of Needs Dimensional Model MMPI Internal External Locus of Control Rorschach Test Person centered Perspective Myers Briggs Big 5 Personality Factors A theory of motivation proposed by psychologist Abraham Maslow focuses on the importance of personal growth and self actualization British psychologists Hans Eysenck and Sybil Eysenck believed that we could reduce many of our normal individual variations to 2 or 3 dimensions including extraversion introversion and emotional stability instability Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests Originally developed to identify emotional disorders this test is now used for many other screening purposes Internal the perception that you control your own fate External the perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate The most widely used projective test a set of 10 inkblots designed by Hermann Rorschach seeks to identify people s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots Carl Rogers believed that a growth promoting climate required 3 conditions 1 people nurture our growth by being genuine 2 also nurture growth by being accepting the unconditional positive regard 3 nurture growth by being empathic by sharing and mirroring our feelings and reflecting our meanings A specific type indicator that is available in 21 languages and is taken by more than 2 million per year for counseling leadership training and work team development Personality researchers have proposed that there are five basic dimensions of personality 1 Extraversion 2 Agreeableness 3 Conscientiousness 4 Neuroticism 5 Openness Concepts unconscious the humanistic perspective 5 How can unconscious aspects of personality be assessed o According to Freud by studying the conscious manifestations of what s hidden in the 6 What did the humanistic perspective on personality focus on Who were the individuals associated with o o o The humanistic perspective on personality focused on the ways healthy people strive for self determination and self realization Abraham Maslow self actualization and hierarchy of needs Carl Rogers person centered perspective 7 What is the trait perspective o Rather than focusing on unconscious forces and thwarted growth opportunities some researchers attempt to define personality in terms of stable and enduring behavior patterns o Gordon Allport described personality in terms of fundamental traits people s characteristic behaviors and
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