Unit Three Study Guide Topic One Emotions Stress Health Readings Key Terms Pages 360 371 410 440 Cannon Bard Theory Circadian rhythm Coping Emotion James Lange Theory Concepts Stress Stress Management Two dimensional Model Two Factor Theory 1 What are the three proposed theories of emotional experience James Lange theory our experiences of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotional arousing stimuli Cannon Bard theory an emotion arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers both physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion Two factor theory the Schachter Stinger theory that to experience emotions one must both be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal 2 What is the relation between emotional arousal and performance How is the relationship different for easy or well learned tasks versus difficult tasks If you are over emotional you will perform badly but you will do best with just a little bit of emotion For easy tasks the more emotional the better you will perform But with more difficult tasks more than just a little emotion will hurt your performance 3 How are thoughts or cognitions related to emotional experience One affects the other and visa versa If you are already emotionally aroused some of that emotion can spill over unto the knowledge of some event Thus you are more emotional because of what was happening before On the other hand if you are in a bad mood and then get into a conversation with somebody your cognition within that conversation will dull away the bad emotions however they may still linger 4 What are cultural differences in emotional expression Gender differences Emotional expressions are generally universal amongst different cultures Some cultures particularly western ones show more emotional expression But overall the expressions themselves are the same Generally girls are more emotional than guys There are slight differences in expressing these emotions however Women tend to cry more often than men and men tend to get more visually angry than women 5 Know the 2 dimensional model of emotion What discreet emotions are included in this model Two dimensional arousal Low versus high arousal and valence pleasant versus unpleasant For example a relaxed emotion would be low arousal and pleasant Angry would be high arousal and unpleasant Fearful would be low arousal and unpleasant while enthusiastic would be high arousal and pleasant 6 What is the feel good do good phenomenon When you feel good you are more likely to do good things A happy customer is likely to tip their waiter higher than a pissed off customer A study found that by paralyzing the frown muscles in depressed people with the use of Botox they could no longer frown and within months were not depressed anymore 7 Can money buy happiness Yes and no Rich people are happier than poverty stricken people Rich countries are on average happier Lottery winners tend to be happier at least at first However happiness has not risen in 50 years although personal buying power has Also relative depravation plays a role The more money you have the higher the level at which you compare yourself to Money alleviates the stresses of one s life while creating more stresses 8 How do we know that individuals tend towards happiness as a baseline emotional level Studies have been conducted that rated people s happiness before they got a serious disease When they found out they had a terrible disease their happiness plummeted but in time they readjusted back to their normal happiness level 9 What is stress What are the two components that combine to form the experience of stress Stress the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events called stressors which we appraise as threatening or challenging Appraisal Response 10 What are the positive and negative effects of stress When short lived stress can motivate us to accomplish things it can also mobilize the immune system for fighting off infections and healing wounds Prolonged stress can increase the risk for many types of chronic disease It can also negatively impact eating sleeping depression concentration and performance 11 Detail the various effects that stress can have on health High blood pressure which in turn can cause heart disease Depression Poor immune system 12 What is coping What are the two types of coping mentioned in class Coping alleviating stress by means of emotional cognitive or behavioral methods Problem focused directly dealing with the cause of the problem itself the stressor Emotion focused dealing with the emotions caused by the problem ignoring the stressor 13 What is the role of control in coping The executive rat experiment Those who are in control of a situation are better at coping with solving the problem and thus are less stressed They are also healthier because they are less stressed 14 What is stress management How is it different from coping Coping is the way we deal with stress we experience While stress management is what we do to prevent the stress from happening in the first place Healthy habits are a way to manage stress so that it has less of an effect on us 15 What are the different ways that we can manage stress What is the best way according to research Exercise sustained exercise that increase heart and lung fitness the best way Biofeedback heart rate sweating muscle tension Meditation 16 Know the various stages of sleep particularly Stage 4 and REM sleep Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 the deepest sleep body is least active REM sleep Rapid eye movement This is when you dream Most restorative sleep If you are deprived of REM sleep you will quickly go through the first 4 stages and spend a lot more time in REM sleep 17 Define each sleep disorder mentioned in class If applicable which stage of sleep is the disorder associated with Insomnia problems falling or staying asleep Narcolepsy randomly falling deep asleep Sleep Apnea randomly stop breathing while asleep Night terror Occurs during stage 4 is not a nightmare randomly screaming in the middle of the night but you re still asleep High arousal and seldom remembered Sleepwalking Occurs during stage 4 18 What are the different theories regarding why we dream Freud s wish fulfillment expressing feelings that are unacceptable in reality wish fulfillment Mental filing a way of sorting the day s events and memories Develop and preserve neural pathways regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may help preserve neural
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