PPE 3003 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Current Lecture I Latent Personality Traits II Two perspectives on traits III Approaches IV Taxonomy V Eysenck s Hierarchical Model of Personality VI Cattell s Taxonomy VII Wiggins Circumplex VIII Five Factor Model Current Lecture A Latent Personality Traits a Personality traits that do not correlate with how a person actually behaves i Ex bravery B Two perspectives on traits a Traits are internal causal properties i Traits are internal states that have the potential to cause behavior ii Doesn t mean they have to lead to behavior b Traits are purely descriptive summaries i Traits describe a person s tendencies to behave a specific way ii There are no traits without behavior 1 Have to do a brave act to be considered brave 2 People are more likely to admit to having socially desirable iii Act Frequency Formulation 1 Person has the trait only to the certain degree to behavior 2 Ex dominance if person has arms outspread is a sign of dominance C Approaches a Lexical i All important traits are apparent in language ii 18 000 trait descriptive adjectives in the dictionary 1 if they are important in the intrapsychic world then there would be a word for it iii Do words exist cross culturally 1 If a trait only exists in one culture then it must not be important in the other culture that does not have it iv Synonym frequency how many adjectives exist to explain one core trait 1 The more adjectives the more important relevant the trait b Statistical i Score questionnaires and analyze using factor analysis ii Which traits co vary iii Factor Analysis 1 Items load together 2 Compare different data to see which is the best fit iv Confirmatory Analysis 1 How good of a fit your model is to the actual data c Theoretical i Theory determines which traits are important 1 Ex Freud on his psychoanalytic theory ii Needs empirical support if they are going to live on d Lexical and statistical go together really well D Taxonomy a Taxonomy is a classification system i Goal is to identify and name groups within a subject 1 Examples periodic table of elements ii Doesn t just see which one is more important it s a way to make more sense and be more organized E Eysenck s Hierarchical Model of Personality a Three key traits i Psychoticism P 1 People were afraid of me drugs ii Extraversion Introversion E 1 Talkative making new friends iii Neuroticism Emotional Stability N 1 Nervousness b Neuroticism with sociable lively active assertive and sensation seeking stemming off of it c Extraversion i High in extraversion 1 Likes to party 2 Has many friends 3 Needs people around to talk to 4 Practical jokers 5 Carefree 6 High energy level d Neuroticism i High in Neuroticism 1 Worries a lot 2 Anxious depressed 3 Has trouble sleeping 4 Psychosomatic symptoms 5 Over reactive with negative emotions e Psychoticism i Have biological underpinning ii High in psychoticism 1 Solitary 2 Lacking in empathy a Insensitive to pain and suffering of others 3 Cruel inhumane 4 Aggressive 5 Prefer strange unusual things 6 Impulsive 7 Antisocial F Cattell s Taxonomy a Includes 16 traits i Interpersonal warmth intelligence emotional stability dominance impulsivity conformity boldness sensitivity suspiciousness imagination shrewdness insecurity radicalism self sufficiency self discipline tension G Wiggins Circumplex a Based on two core personality traits i Dominant submissive ii Friendly hostile b Con s i Not enough dimension is a huge one H Five Factor Model a Most widely used taxonomy of personality b Measured by the TIPI c Big five i Openness intellect 1 Ex Salvador Valley the artist ii Conscientiousness 1 Ex Florence Nightingale iii Extraversion 1 Ex Forrest Gump iv Agreeableness 1 Ex Nelson Mandela v Neuroticism 1 Ex Moil from Seinfeld d Empirical evidence i Most widely accepted ii Found by many researchers using different samples iii Has been replicated over 50 years and in many languages 1 Not due to culture iv Replicated using different item formats
View Full Document