Homeostasis maintain a chemical environment in your body High Altitude low oxygen creates more red blood cells to get more Review for Test 1 Physiology the study of functions What makes the organs work 02 Body temperature Blood Glucose Concentration Ph levels not too acidic or too bases Blood Cells made in Red Bone Marrow o Red Blood Cells Erythrocytes Have hemoglobin which allows them to transport oxygen 4 02 molecules Also help transport C02 through an enzyme named carbonic Abnegate Sickle cell disease o White Blood Cells Erythrocytes Immune system o Platelets Thrombocytes Help with clotting blood o More on Blood Part of the circulatory system Plasma Water Electrolytes Proteins Small molecules Chemical signals Hormones Primes the immune system to help fight viruses Vaccinations Figure 4 1 Structures Nostrils Pharynx Larynx Epilators Trachea Alveoli Functions Air entry and exit Forms back of throat Has vocal chords Prevent food from getting in airways Branches to form bronchioles Functions unit of respiratory system site of gas exchange Modes of Function During Inhaling active Muscles contract Diaphragm contract and moves up Volume increase During Exhalation passive Diaphragm relax and moves up Path of airway Nostrils pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchioles Alveoli Protection Structure mucus Produced by Goblet Cells Purpose remove foreign particles Breathing Volumes 1 Tidal Volume normal breath 2 Vital Capacity max air volume forced breath 3 Residual Volume air left after max breath Gas Exchange General Mechanism Diffusion Good for small molecules over short distances Relative Concentrations Basis of Gas exchange In atmosphere Entering Lungs diffused Leaving Lungs by blood C02 7 0 02 6 0 C02 5 5 02 14 02 20 N2 80 Other 1 Control of breathing Where brainstem Voluntary Involuntary Common respiratory diseases o Cerebrum controls muscles around ribs and diaphragm o Cells in arteries detect elevations in CO2 HCO3 H What is the main cause of lung cancer o Smoking Asthma Cystic Fibrosis Lung Cancer Cardiovascular System Right atrial AV value Right ventricle Left Atrium Left Ventricle SA noes send electrical pulse down the right and left atrium that is captured by the AV nodes ECG Electrocardiogram Lub dub sound when the valves clothes and open P wave o Atrium contracts QRS complex o Ventricle contracts o Lub AV closes SV opens T wave o Recover o Dub AV open SV close Cardiovascular system Blood Heart Vasculature Veins Venules Arteries Arterioles After reaching the heart it goes back to arteries to repeat the process From the vasculature to the veins the radius gets smaller and smaller Capillaries tissues Muscles Skeletal o Voluntary o Attached by tendons o EX biceps o Located in heart wall Cardiac Smooth Cardiac and Smooth o Involuntary Cardiac and Skeletal o Striated Cardiac Smooth and Skeletal o Cross bridge cycling o Myosis Actin Fil o No striations o Located in blood vessels trachea Cross Bridge Cycle Muscle Contraction Calcium ions bind to troponin Troponin changes shape Tropomyosin moves away from actin allows myosin to bind forms cross bridge Toxins Modes of Paralysis Botulism Inhibits release of chemical signals from synapse Tetoni Prevents inhibition of signal stays contracted Skeletal Muscles Antagonistic Pairs enables active motion in both directions around joints o EX Bicep Triceps and Extraocular muscles eye Motor Unit Motor neuron and muscle cells innervated by the motor neurons
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